Devlet Okulları ve Üniversitelerde Dini Sembol ve Kıyafetler: Dworkin Gözünden Bir Eleştiri

Temel bir insan hakkı olarak din özgürlüğü, sadece Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ile garanti altına alınmamış olup, aynı zamanda birçok ulusal, bölgesel ve uluslararası mekanizmalar aracılığıyla korunmaktadır. Din özgürlüğünün önemi, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından defalarca vurgulanmıştır. Ancak, mahkemenin gerek dini kıyafetlerin kamusal alanda giyilmesiyle ilgili aldığı bazı kararları, gerekse de devlet okullarında kullanılan dini sembollerle ilgili aldığı kararlar tartışmaya açık gerekçelendirilmeleri sebebiyle eleştirilebilir. Bu makalenin amacı doğrudan bu tartışmaya katılmak değildir. Onun yerine, bu makalede Ronald Dworkin’in hukuk teorisi kullanılarak mahkemenin belirtilen alandaki kararları tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin, kamusal alanda dini kıyafetlerin kullanılmasıyla ilgili aldığı kararlar, Dworkin’in hukuk teorisi ışığında incelenmiştir.

RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS AND CLOTHING IN PUBLIC SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITIES: A DWORKINIAN CRITIQUE

Freedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed not only in the European Convention on Human Rights but also in many other national, regional and international mechanisms. The importance of freedom of religion has been emphasised on a number of occasions by the European Court of Human Rights. However, some of the Court’s decisions can be criticised for their controversial reasoning, and there are several areas, such as the regulation of the wearing of religious clothing in public sphere, which remain controversial. The aim of this article is not to add directly to the substance of that controversy. Rather, the present article uses Dworkin’s theory of law as a theoretical lens to read the Court’s case-law on freedom of religion. This article is aimed at critically engaging with the issue of religious symbols and clothing in the public place within the case-law of the ECtHR and Dworkin’s theory of law is the theoretical lens chosen to perform this task.

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