Building constitutionalism in Kosovo/A

Ulus devletin meşru yönetim şekli günümüzde ortak küresel çıkarlar, huku-kun üstünlüğü, kişi güvenliği ve çok sayıda sınır ötesi küresel kurallarla bü-tünleşmiştir. Bu durum demokratikleşme için, anayasal uyum aracılığıyla etnik işbirliği ve katılıma teşvik isteyen modern yaklaşımı açıklayacak bir girişim olacaktır. Bu konuda en açıklayıcı durum da Güney Afrika Anayasası, Bosna Hersek ve Kosova‟nın yeni Anayasasıdır. Anayasa Mahkemesinin her biri çatış-ma sonrası ikilem sorunlarını da bildirirken: Liberal demokrasinin temel şekli bireysel hakları korurken grup hakları nasıl müdafaa edilir? Etnik gruplar arasındaki dirençsiz barış, Anayasada öngörülen yükümlülükler üzerinden belirli bir güvenliği de sağlamıştır. Anayasa Mahkemesi‟nin kararlarını gözden geçire-rek, her üç Mahkemenin, gruba dayalı anayasal demokrasi ve çoğunlukçu ira deye karşı bireysel hakların korunması arasında orta bir yolu akıllıca seçtikleri sonucuna varılmıştır. Oysa, çatışma sonrası toplumlardaki güvenlik sorununa karşın sosyo-ekonomik haklar da tehlikededir. Bu nedenle yazar, tasarlanmış olan sosyo-ekonomik hakların eksikliğini anayasal haklar olarak neticelendir-miştir. Devlet içindeki sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı hızlandırma yönünde vatan-daşların kalkınmasına katılımı aydınlatmak için özellikle Kosova Anayasasında gerçek anlamda bir mücadele durumunda olunacaktır.

As the nation-state legal regimes are currently supplemented by numerous trans-national and global orders as global common interest and/or rule of law and/or human security, it will be an attempt to illustrate modern approaches to democratization which are seeking to encourage inter-ethnic cooperation and participation through constitutional accommodation. The most illustrative cases in this regard are Constitution of South Africa, Bosnia-Herzegovina and the newest Constitution, that of Kosovo. The fragile peace among ethnic groups created certain security, through the line envisaged in the Constitution while each of Constitutional Court addresses the issues of central post conflict dilem-ma: how to maintain group rights while preserving the individual rights that form a core of liberal democracy. By reviewing the decisions of the Constitu-tional Court it came as a conclusion that all three Courts wisely chose a middle road between group based constitutional democracy and the protection of indi-vidual rights against majoritarian will. However, besides security issue on the post conflict societies, the socio-economic rights are at stake therefore the author concludes that lack of envisaged socio-economic rights as the constitutional rights, especially in the Constitution of Kosovo will pose a real challenge to cla-rify the participatory development of citizens toward accelerating sustainable development within a state.

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