İSLAM, KAPİTALİZM ve PİYASA

Bu çalışmada, hem piyasalarda İslam’ın konumuna ilişkin bazı değerlendirmeler yapılmış, hem de piyasaya İslam temelli bakış açıları ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu iki yönlü araştırma için önce literatürde var olan çalışmalar gözden geçirilmiş, sonra kapitalizmin temelleri kısaca tanıtılarak, Kur’an ayetleri çerçevesinde İslam dininin piyasalarla ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, İslam dini referans alınarak herhangi bir iktisadi doktrinin dini ve felsefi anlamda kesin olarak doğru olduğu sonucuna varılamayacağı gibi reddedilemeyeceği de incelenen kaynaklar çerçevesinde iddia edilecektir. İslam düşüncesi kapitalist sistemin faiz gibi bazı kavramlarını yasaklarken; ticarete, tasarrufa, yatırıma, bazı harcamalara olumlu bakış açısıyla bu düşünce sistemiyle uyumlu unsurlar da barındırmaktadır. Literatürün çoğu, İslam ve piyasalar arasındaki bağlantıya “olumlu” ya da “olumsuz” gibi tek bir cevap arayan basitçe bir yaklaşımda bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın bir amacı da bu tartışmayı, bize piyasalarda İslam’ın konumuna ilişkin bir katkı sağlayacağını düşündüğümüz daha ileri bir boyuta taşımaktır. Bu boyut, ekonomi ve piyasa dilinin özel kullanımı ve Kur’an’ın dini anlamlara sevk edeceği mantıkla ilgilenmektedir.

ISLAM, CAPITALISM AND MARKET

In this study, some evaluations about the position of Islam in market paradigms has been made together with some efforts on the way of detecting the perspectives of Islamic market mechanism on the basis of the Quran. For this bidirectional research, firstly literature has been overviewed, then the relationship between Islam and the markets has been tried to be settled within the framework of the Quran verses through presenting the fundamentals of capitalism briefly. Consequently, in the perspective of analyzed resources it can be argued that no economic doctrine can be absolutely accepted or rejected in the religious and philosophical way of thinking on the basis of Islam. While Islamic paradigm forbids some of the concepts of capitalism like interest, it includes some components that seem to support capitalism such as concepts like free trade, saving, investment and consumption. Most of the literature on the subject looks for simple “positive” or “negative” answers to questions concerning the relationship between Islam and the market. This study however, aims to go beyond Islam’s place in market system. To achieve this goal this paper will focus on the special uses of the concepts regarding economy and market; as well as the implications of Quranic concepts of economy.

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