Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerden Elde Edilen Uçucu Yağların Kimyasal Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Börülce Tohum Böceği, Callosobruchus maculatus Erginlerine Karşı Fümigant İnsektisidal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi
Origanum ( Origanum syriacum L.), lavanta ( Lavandula angustifolia L.), adaçayı ( Salvia officinalis L.), rezene ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) ve defne ( Laurus nobilis L.) bitkilerinden elde edilen uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşenleri ve fümigant insektisit etkinliği bakla tohum böceği Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine karşı araştırılmıştır. GC-MS analiz sonucuna göre, origanum, lavanta, adaçayı, rezene ve defne bitki uçucu yağlarında sırasıyla 25, 33, 23, 23, 42 adet bileşen belirlenmiştir. Carvacrol (%66.66), trans -anethol (%79.17), 1,8- cineole (%50.0), camphor (%30.46) ve linalyl acetate (%35.66) bu bitkilerin uçucu yağlarında ana bileşenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Biyolojik etkinlik çalışmaları tüm uçucu yağların 30.0 ve 40.0 μg ml - 1 hava konsantrasyonları C. maculans erginleri üzerinde %100 ölümlere neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Uçucu yağların insektisit etkinliği artan konsantrasyonlara bağlı olarak artış göstermiştir. Test edilen uçucu yağlar arasında, origanum uçucu yağı daha düşük konsantrasyonda (30.0 μg ml -1 hava) en yüksek etkinlik göstermiştir. Rezene, defne, adaçayı ve lavanta uçucu yağları ise 40.0 μgml -1 hava konsantrasyonunda %100 ergin ölümlerine neden olmuştur. Her bir uçucu yağın LC 50 ve LC 90 değerleri probit analizi ile belirlenmiştir. En düşük LC 50 değeri adaçayı (8.79 μg ml -1 ) için belirlenmiş olup, bunu sırasıyla origanum (11.17 μg ml -1 ), lavanta (11.64 μg ml -1 ), defne (13.59 μg ml -1 ) ve rezene (17.46 μg ml -1 ) uçucu yağları takip etmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar bitki uçucu yağlarının börülce tohum böceği gibi depolanmış ürün zararlılarının kontrolünde yeni çevre dostu aktif maddelerin araştırıldığı çalışmalarda kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Determination of Chemical Composition and Fumigant Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils of Some Medicinal Plants Against the Adults of Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus
Chemical composition and fumigant insecticidal activities ofessential oils obtained from oregano ( Origanum syriacum L.),lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia L.), sage ( Salvia officinalis L.,),fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.)plants were investigated against the adults of cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Based onGC-MS analysis, total number of compounds determined in oregano,lavender, sage, fennel and laurel essential oils were 25, 33, 23, 23,42, respectively. Carvacrol (66.66%), trans -anethol (79.17%), 1,8-cineole (50.0%), camphor (30.46%) and linalyl acetate (35.66%) werefound as the most abundant compounds, respectively. Bioassayresults revealed that essential oils, at 30.0 or 40.0 μg ml -1 air,resulted in 100% adult mortality of C. maculatus . Insecticidalactivity was increased in response to increased concentration ofessential oil. Among the essential oils tested, oregano showed thehighest fumigant toxicity at relatively lower concentration (30.0 μgml -1 ). Complete adult mortality (100%) caused by fennel, laurel, sageand lavender essential oils at the concentrations of 40.0 μg ml -1 air.The LC 50 and LC 90 values for each essential oil were estimated byusing probit analysis. The lowest LC 50 value was estimated for sageessential oil (8.79 μg ml -1 ) followed by oregano (11.17 μg ml -1 ),lavender (11.64 μg ml -1 ), laurel (13.59 μg ml -1 ) and fennel (17.46 μgml -1 ), respectively. The results revealed that plant essential oilsmight be used in research aiming the development of newenvironmental friendly control agents against stored-product pestssuch as cowpea weevil.
___
- Abbott WS 1925. A method of computing the
effectiveness of an insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol.
18: 265-267
- Abeywickrama K, Adhikari AACK, Paranagama P,
Gamage CSP 2006. The efficacy of essential oil of
Alpinia calcarata (Rosc.) and its major constituent,
1,8-cineole, as protectants of cowpea against
Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera :
Bruchidae). Can. J. Plant Sci., 86: 821-827.
- Adams RP 2007. Identification of Essential Oil
Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectroscopy Allured Books. Carol Stream, IL. 698
pp.
- Ahn YJ, Lee SB, Lee HS, Kim GH 1998. Insecticidal
and acaricidal activity of carvacrol and beta-
thujaplicine derived from Thujopsis dolabrata var.
hondai sawdust. J. Chem. Ecol., 24: 81-90.
- Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Waomar M 2008.
Biological effects of essential oils—a review. Food
Chem. Toxicol., 46: 446–475.
- Boulogne I, Petit P, Ozier-Lafontaine H, Desfontaines
L, Loranger-Merciris G 2012. Insecticidal and
antifungal chemicals produced by plants: a review.
Environ. Chem. Lett., 10: 325-347.
- Brisibe EA, Adugbo SE, Ekanem U, Brisibe F, Figueira
GM 2011. Controlling bruchid pests of stored
cowpea seeds with dried leaves of Artemisia annua
and two other common botanicals. African J.
Biotechnol. 10: 9586–9592.
- Caswell GH 1984. The value of the pod in protecting
cowpea seeds from attack by bruchid beetles.
Samaru J. Agric. Res. 2: 49–55.
- Davis PH 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean
Islands. Vol. I-X, Edinburgh Univ. Pres. (1965-
1988).
- Ebadollahi A, Nouri-Ganbalani G, Hoseini SA,
Sadeghi GR 2012. Insecticidal activity of essential
oils of five aromatic plants against Callosobruchus
maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under
laboratory conditions. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants
15: 256-262.
- El-Wakeil NE 2013. Botanical pesticides and their
mode of action. Gesunde Pflanzen 65:125-149.
- Erler F, Uluğ I, Yalçinkaya B 2006. Repellent activity
of five essential oils against Culex pipiens .
Fitoterapia, 77: 491-494.
- Erler F, Tunç İ 2005. Monoterpenoids as fumigants
against greenhouse pests: toxic, development and
reproduction-inhibiting effects. Z. Pflanzenk.
Pflanzen. (Journal of Plant Diseases and
Protection), 112: 181-192.
- Finney DF 1971. Probit analysis, 3rd edn. University
Press, Cambridge, p 333
- Gusmao NMS, de Oliveira JV, Navarro DMDF, Dutra
KA, da Silva WA, Wanderley MJA 2013. Contact
and fumigant toxicity and repellency of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Eucalyptus staigeriana F.,
Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Foeniculum
vulgare Mill. essential oils in the management of Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 54:
41-47.
- Hamraoui A, Regnault-Roger C 1997. Monoterpenoids
insecticidal effect comparison on two phytophagic
insects, Ceratitis capitata and Rhopalosiphum padi .
Acta Botanica Gallica 144: 413-417.
- Hashemi SM, Hosseini B, Estaji A, Hashemi SM,
Hosseini B, Estaji A 2013. Chemical composition
and insecticidal properties of the essential oil of
Salvia leriifolia Benth (Lamiaceae) at two
developmental stages. J. Essent. Oil Bearing
Plants, 16: 806-816.
- Houghton
PJ,
Ren Y,
Howes MJ
2006.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants and
fungi. Nat. Prod. Rep. 23: 181–199.
- Ileke K, Olotuah O 2012. Bioactivity of Anacardium
occidentale (L) and Allium sativum (L) powders and
oils
extracts
against
cowpea
bruchid,
Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae). Int. J. Biol. 4: 96–103.
- Isman MB 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and
disease management. Crop Protection 19: 603–608.
- Isman MB, Miresmailli S, Machial C 2011.
Commercial opportunities for pesticides based on
plant essential oils in agriculture, industry and
consumer products. Phytochem. Rev. 10: 197–204.
- Kedia A, Prakash B, Mishra PK, Singh P, Dubey NK
2015. Botanicals as eco-friendly biorational
alternatives of synthetic pesticides against
Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)-a
review. J. Food Sci. Technol-Mysore 52: 1239-1257.
- Kim DH, Ahn YJ 2001. Contact and fumigant activities
of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against
three coleopteran stored-product insects. Pest
Manag. Sci. 57: 301-306.
- McLafferty FW, Staufer DB 1989. The Willey N.B.S.
Registry of mass spectral data. New York: John
Wiley and Sons.
- Mkenda PA, Stevenson PC, Ndakidemi P, Farman DI,
Belmain SR 2015. Contact and fumigant toxicity of
five pesticidal plants against Callosobruchus
maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in stored
cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ). Int. J.Tropical Insect
Sci. 35: 172–184.
- Nyamador WS, Ketoh GK, Amevoin K, Nuto Y,
Koumaglo HK, Glitho IA 2010. Variation in the
susceptibility of two Callosobruchus species to
essential oils. J. Stored Prod. Res. 46: 48–51
- Panezail GM, Jabeen, R, Khetran M, Ijaz A, Rafeeq M,
Bukhari FA, Awan MA, Hameed T, Tariq MM 2015.
Insecticidal action of three plants extracts against
cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) and
bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Pak. J.
Zool. 47: 899-902.
- Park CG, Shin E, Kim J 2016. Insecticidal activities of
essential oils, Gaultheria fragrantissima and
Illicium verum , their components and analogs
against Callosobruchus chinensis adults. J. Asia-
Pas. Entomol. 19: 269-273.
- Pascual-Villalobos MJ 1996. Evaluation of the
insecticidal activity of Chrysanthemum coronarium
L. plant extracts. Bol San Veg Plagas 22: 411-420.
- Perez SG, Ramos-Lopez MA, Zavala-Sanchez MA,
Cardenas-Ortega NC 2010. Activity of essential oils
as a biorational alternative to control coleopteran
insects in stored grains. J. Medicinal Plants Res. 4:
2827-2835.
- Rattan RS 2010. Mechanism of action of insecticidal
secondary metabolites of plant origin. Crop Protect.
29: 913-920.
- Regnault-Roger C, Hamraoui A 1995. Fumigant toxic
activity and reproductive inhibition induced by
monoterpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)
(Coleoptera), a bruchid of kidney bean ( Phaseolus
vulgaris L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 31: 291–299.
- Rozman V, Kalinovic I, Korunic Z 2007. Toxicity of
naturally occurring compounds of Lamiaceae and
Lauraceae to three stored-product insects. J. Stored
Prod. Res. 43: 349–355.
- Sertkaya E, Kaya K, Soylu S 2010. Chemical
compositions and insecticidal activities of the
essential oils from several medicinal plants against
the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci . Asian J. Chem.
22: 2982-2990.
- Sertkaya E 2013. Fumigant toxicity of the essential
oils from medicinal plants against bean weevil,
Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera:
Bruchidae). Asian J. Chem. 25: 553-555.
- Shukla RS, Singh P, Prakash B, Kumar A, Mishra PK,
Dubey NK 2011. Efficacy of essential oils of Lippia
alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown and Callistemon
lanceolatus (Sm.) Sweet and their major
constituents on mortality, oviposition and feeding
behaviour of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. J Sci Food Agric 91: 2277–2283.
- Soylu EM, Soylu S, Kurt S 2006. Antimicrobial
activities of the essential oils of various plants
against tomato late blight disease agent
Phytophthora infestans . Mycopathologia 161: 119–128.
- Soylu S, Yigitbas H, Soylu EM, Kurt S 2007.
Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and
fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . J. Appl.
Microbiol. 103: 1021–1030.
- Soylu S, Evrendilek GA, Soylu EM 2009. Chemical
compositions and antibacterial activities of bitter
fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) and
dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) essential oils against
the growth of food-borne and seed-borne plant
pathogenic bacteria. Italian J. Food Sci. 21: 347-
355.
- Soylu EM, Kurt Ş, Soylu, S 2010. In vitro and in vivo
antifungal activities of the essential oils of various
plants against tomato grey mould disease agent
Botrytis cinerea . Int. J. Food Microbiol. 143:183-
189.
- Suthisut D, Fields PG, Chandrapatya A 2011. Contact
toxicity, feeding reduction, and repellency of
essential oils from three plants from the ginger
family (Zingiberaceae) and their major components
against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium
castaneum . J. Econ. Entomol. 104: 1445-1454.
- Toudert-Taleb K, Hedjal-Chebheb M, Hami H, Debras
JF, Kellouche A 2014. Composition of essential oils
extracted from six aromatic plants of Kabylian
origin (Algeria) and evaluation of their bioactivity
on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775)
(Coleoptera: Bruchidae). African Entomol. 22: 417-
427.
- Tunç İ, Erler, F 2003. Repellency and repellent
stability of essential oil constituents against
Tribolium confusum . Z. Pflanzenk. Pflanzen.
(Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection), 110:
394-400