Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Okul Hemşireliğinin Gelişimi

Okul sağlığı hizmetleri halk sağlığı hemşirelerinin okullardaki sağlık gereksinimlerini görüp, müdahale etmeleriyle ortaya çıkan bir hareket olarak başlamıştır. İlk olarak İngiltere ve Fransa'da görülen bu hareket 19. yüzyılda Amerika'da, Cumhuriyetle birlikte de Türkiye'de görülmüştür. Savaşlar, göç, sanayileşme, yoksulluk ve okul sağlığı hizmetlerine gereksinim duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Halk sağlığı hemşireleri yaptıkları ev ziyaretleri, düzenli kontroller ve sağlık kayıtları ile okul sağlığına önemli katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bu durum hükümetlerin ve gönüllü kuruluşların hemşirelerin okul sağlığının sürdürülmesindeki gerekliliğini fark etmesi ve okullarda hemşire görevlendirmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Okul sağlığı hizmetlerinin gelişmiş olduğu ülkelerde hemşireler sağlığı geliştirici programların planlanması ve uygulanmasında ön sıralarda yer almaktadır. Çoğu hemşire bir ya da birden fazla okula tek başına okul sağlığı hizmetleri sunabilmektedir. Bu hemşireler lisans eğitiminden sonra sertifika eğitimi almakta ve sertifikalarını belli sürelerle yenilemektedir. Türkiye’de ise okul hemşireliği ile ilgili mevzuatta çeşitli düzenlemeler olmasına karşın çözülmesi gereken bazı konular mevcuttur. Bu makalede, dünyadan ve Türkiye’den örneklerle okul hemşireliğinin günümüze kadar olan gelişimi ve Türkiye’deki okul hemşireliği hizmetleri incelenmektedir.

The Development of School Nursing Around the World and in Turkey

School health services started as a movement that emerged when public health nurses saw the health needs of schools and intervened. This movement, first seen in England and France, was first seen in America in the nineteenth century and in Turkey with the establishment of the republic. Wars, migration, industrialization, and poverty have all led to the need for school health services. Public health nurses have made important contributions to school health through home visits, regular check-ups, and accurate health records. This has resulted in governments and voluntary organizations recognizing the need for nurses to maintain school health and appointing nurses in schools. In countries where school health services have developed, nurses are at the forefront in planning and implementing health promotion programs. Most nurses can provide health services alone to one or more schools. These nurses receive certification training after their undergraduate education and renew their certifications for a certain period of time. Although there are various regulations in school nursing legislation in Turkey, there are some issues that need to be solved. In this article, the development of school nursing, with examples from around the world and from Turkey, and school nursing services in Turkey are examined.

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Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 2618-5741
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2004
Yayıncı: Koç Üniversitesi HYO Semahat Arsel Hemşirelik Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi (SANERC)