ORTA ASYA'DA DIŞ POLİTİKA VE ENERJİ GÜVENLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİ: KAZAKİSTAN ÖRNEĞİ

Kazakistan, bağımsızlığından beri çok yönlü dış politika uygulamakta olan Orta Asya'da önde gelen enerjiüreticisi ülkelerden biridir. Bu bağlamda SSCB sonrası bu yeni bağımsız devlet, Rusya'dan, Çin'den, ABD'den veAvrupa'dan çok uluslu enerji şirketlerine ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Nazarbayev tarafından uygulanmış olan buçok yönlü dış politikanın otuz yıla yakın bir süredir ülkenin enerji politikası üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmuştur.Birbirini etkileyen çok yönlü dış politika ve özelleştirme süreci, Kazakistan'ın enerji güvenliği politikası üzerindebelirgin bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Küresel ve bölgesel aktörler ile iyi ilişkiler kurmayı ve sürdürmeyi vurgulayanKazakistan yönetimi Rus, batı ve Çin şirketleriyle dengeli bir ilişki yürütmeyi başarmıştır. Bu bağlamda özelliklebölgedeki büyük güçlerin ilgilerinin artmasıyla Kazakistan'ın savunmacı realist politika uyguladığıgörülmektedir. Bu politika çerçevesinde oluşturulan denge petrol ve gaz boru hatları projelerinde olduğu gibisondaj ve üretim aşamalarında da görülmektedir. Makalede, nitel araştırma yöntemi ve vaka çalışması yaklaşımıkullanılarak, Orta Asya'daki en önemli enerji üreticilerinden biri olan, Kazakistan'ın enerji güvenliği politikasıincelenmektedir.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOREIGN POLICY AND ENERGYSECURITY IN CENTRAL ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakhstan is major energy producer in Central Asia, and has been pursuing a multi-vector foreign policy since itgained independence from Soviet Union. It has played host to many multinational energy from Russia, China, theUSA and Europe. Nazarbayev's multilateral and multi-vector foreign and privatization policies have had asignificant impact on the country's energy [security] policy over the last three decades. Emphasizing goodrelations between itself with both global and regional powers, Kazakhstan has maintained a balance amongRussian, Western and Chinese companies via defensive realist approach. This balance is especially visible in boththe role that those companies play in exploration projects, as well as in the building of oil and gas pipelines.

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