ÖNDER CANBOLAT, Hatice KALKAN, İSMAİL FİLYA

Yonca silajlarında katkı maddesi olarak Gladiçya meyvelerinin (Gleditsia Triacanthos) kullanılma olanakları

Bu araştırma, yonca (Medicago sativa L.) silajında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılan gladiçya meyvesi (GM)’nin laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan silajların fermantasyon, aerobik stabilite, in vitro gaz üretimi, mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin saptanması amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan yonca tam çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilmiş ve yaklaşık 1.5-2.0 cm boyutunda doğranan taze materyale 0 (kontrol), 20, 40, 60, 80 ve 100 g/kg KM düzeyinde GM katılmıştır. Yoncaya GM ilavesi, elde edilen silajların ham besin maddeleri bileşimini etkilemiştir (P

The use of honey locust pods as a silage additive for alfalfa forage

The aim of current experiment was to determine the effects of honey locust pods (HLP) as carbohydrate source on the fermentation, aerobic stability, in vitro gas production, microbiological characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages in laboratory conditions. Honey locust pods was applied at 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g/kg DM levels to alfalfa forage harvested at full bloom stage and chopped to about 1.5-2.0 cm length. Supplementation of HLP had a significant (P<0.01) effect on the chemical composition of alfalfa silage depending on the level of HLP supplementation. The supplementation of HLP significantly (P<0.01) decreased the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) whereas the water soluble content (WSC) and total tannin (TT) increased with increasing level of HLP. The supplementation of HLP decreased the pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia-N (NH3-N) whereas the supplementation of HLP increased the lactic acid and propionic acid content of alfalfa silage (P<0.01). The supplementation of HLP significantly (P<0.01) increased the in vitro gas production, digestible organic matter (DOM), metabolizable energy (ME), lactic acid bacteria and yeast whereas mould decreased. On the other hand the supplementation of HLP improved the aerobic stability of alfalfa silage decreasing the CO2 production. As a conclusion the HLP can be used as a silage additive in the level of 80 and 100 g/kg DM when alfalfa plant is ensiled.

PDF

___

1. Ensminger ME, Oldfield JE, Heinemann WW: Feeds and nutrition. 2nd ed., 1544 p. Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, CA. 1990.
2. Karabulut A, Filya İ: Yemler bilgisi ve yem teknolojisi. 4. Basım. Uludağ Üniv Zir Fak Ders Notları No: 67, 2007.
3. Muck RE, Filya I, Contreras-Govea FE: Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: In vitro gas and volatile fatty acid production. J Dairy Sci, 90, 5115-5125, 2007.
4. Filya I, Muck RE, Contreras-Govea FE: Inoculant effects on alfalfa silage: Fermentation products and nutritive value. J Dairy Sci, 90 (11): 5108-5114, 2007.
5. Kamalak A, Aydın R, Bal MA, Atalay Aİ: Gladiçya meyvesinin katkı maddesi olarak yonca silajında kullanımı. TÜBİTAK. Proje No: 107 0 401. 1-67, 2009.
6. McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE: The Biochemistry of silage. 2nd ed., Chalcombe Publications, Church Lane, Kingston, Canterbury Kent UK, 1991.
7. Filya İ: Silaj kalitesinin arttırılmasında yeni gelişmeler. International Animal Nutrition Congress, 4-6 Eylül, Isparta, 243-250, 2000.
8. Çiftçi M, Çerçi Hİ, Dalkılıç B, Güler T, Ertaş ON: Elmanın karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak yonca silajına katılma olanağının araştırılması. Yüzüncuyıl Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 16 (2): 93-98, 2005.
9. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan H, Karaman Ş, Filya İ: Üzüm posasının yonca silajlarında karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak kullanılma olanakları. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16 (2): 269-276, 2010.
10. Braham JE, Jarquin R, Mario Gonzales J, Bressani R: Pulp and coffee hulls. 3. Utilization of coffee pulp in silage form. Arch Latinoam Nutr, 23 (3): 379-388, 1973.
11. Kamalak A, Guven I, Kaplan M, Boga M, Atalay AI, Ozkan CO: Potential nutritive value of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) pods from different growing sites for ruminants. J Agr Sci Tech, 14, 115-126, 2012.
12. Foroughbakhch R, Dupraz C, Hernandez- Pinero JL, Alvarado-Vazquez MA, Guzman-Lucio MA, Rocha-Estrada A: In vivo and in situ digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of honey locust pods (Gleditsia triacanthos L). J Appl Anim Res, 30, 41-46, 2006.
13. Bruno-Soares AM, Abreu MFJ: Merit of Gleditsia triacanthos pods in animal feeding: chemical composition and nutritional evaluation. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 107, 151-160, 2003.
14. Alipour D, Rouzbehan Y: Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 137, 138-149, 2007.
15. Pirmohammadi R, Golgasemgarebagh A, Arazi AM: Effects of ensiling and drying of white grape pomace on chemical composition, degradability and digestibility for ruminants. J Anim Vet Adv, 6 (9): 1079-1082, 2007.
16. Broderick GA, Albrecht KA: Ruminal in vitro degradation of protein in tanninfree and tannin-containing forage legume species. Crop Sci, 37, 1884-1891, 1997.
17. Albrecht KA, Muck RE: Proteolysis in ensiled forage legumes that vary in tanin concentration. Crop Sci, 31, 464-469, 1991.
18. Messman MA, Weiss W, Albrecht KA: In situ disappearance of individual proteins and nitrogen from legume forages containing varying amounts of tannins. J Dairy Sci, 79 (8): 1430-1435, 1996.
19. Salawu MB, Acamoviç T, Stewart CS, Hvelpund T: The use of tannins as silage additives. Effects on silage composition and mobile bag disappearance of dry matter and protein. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 82, 243-259, 1999.
20. Menke KH, Steingass H: Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev, 28, 7-55, 1998.
21. Menke KH, Raab L, Salewski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W: The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. J Agric Sci, 93, 217-222, 1979.
22. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC): Official Method of Analysis. 15th ed., pp. 66-88, Washington, DC, USA, 1990.
23. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JD, Lewis BA: Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597, 1991.
24. Barker SB, Summerson WH: The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J Biol Chem, 138, 535-554, 1941.
25. Dubois M, Giles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebes PA, Smith F: Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28, 350-356, 1956.
26. Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Azrieli A, Hen Y, Horev B: A simple system to study the aerobic deterioration of silages. Can Agric Eng, 33, 391-393, 1991.
27. Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, Weinberg ZG: The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 88, 39-46, 2000.
28. Seale DR, Pahlow G, Spoelstra SF, Lindgren S, Dellaglio F, Lowe JF: Methods for the Microbiological Analysis of Silage. Proceeding of the Eurobac Conference, 12-16 August, Uppsala, Sweden, 147-164, 1990.
29. Statistica: Statistica for Windows (Release 4.3) Sat Soft, Inc Tulsa OK, 1993.
30. Snedecor GW, Cochran W: Statistical Methods. The Iowa State Univ. Pres Amer IA, 1976.
31. Bolsen KK, Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG: Silage fermentation and silage additives. Asian Austral J Anim Sci, 9 (5): 483-493, 1996.
32. Fisun K, Levent C, Ozduven ML: The effect of bacteria+enzyme mixture silage inoculant on the fermentation characteristic, cell wall contents and aerobic stabilities of maize silage. Pakistan J Nutr, 7 (2): 222-226, 2008.
33. Wang J, Wamg JQ, Zhou H, Feng T: Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 151 (3-4): 280-290, 2009.
34. Kung LJR, Tung RS, Yacıorowskı KG, Buffuy K, Knutsen K: Effects of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and composition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 4284-4296, 1991.
35. Santos GT, Oliveira RL, Petit HV, Cecato U, Zeoula LM, Rigolon LP, Damasceno JC, Branco AF, Bett V: Effect of tannicacid on composition and ruminal degradability of bermudagrass and alfalfa silages. J Dairy Sci, 83 (9): 2016-2020, 2000.
36. Barry TN, Manley TR: Interrelation ships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in lotus sp. and their possible consequences in ruminant nutrition. J Sci Food Agr, 37, 248-254, 1986.
37. Jones WT, Mangan JL: Complexes of the condensed tannins of sainfoin with fraction 1 leaf protein and with sub maxillary mucoprotein and the reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH. J Sci Food Agr, 28 (2): 126-136, 1997.
38. Brady CJ: The leaf proteases of Trifolium repens. Biochem J, 78, 631-640, 1961.
39. Filya İ, Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Hen Y: Hücre duvarını parçalayıcı enzimlerin yonca silajlarının fermantasyon özellikleri, hücre duvarı kapsamı ve aerobik stabiliteleri üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniv Zir Fak Tarım Bilim Derg, 7 (3): 81-87, 2001.
40. Polat M, Şayan Y, Özkul H, Soycan Önenç S: Kaba yemlerin çeşitli inkübasyon periyotlarındaki in vitro gaz oluşumları ve farklı regresyon eşitlikleri ile tahminlenen in vitro metabolik enerji değerleri. Ege Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 44 (1): 113-122, 2007.
41. Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Colomne D, Cavallarin L: Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci, 89, 4736-4746, 2006.
42. Ozturk D, Kizilsimsek M, Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Ozkan CO: Effects of ensiling alfalfa with whole maize crop on the chemical composition and nutritive value of silage mixtures. Asian Austral J Anim Sci, 19 (4): 526-532, 2006.