Maryam Taj Abadi Seyed Abdollah Seyed Naser Mohammad Mohsen EBRAHIMI HOSEINI MOUSAVI CHAMANI BARAT

Broiler Tavuklarda Aflatoksin ile Kontamine Diyette Ticari Toksin Bağlayıcı, Doğal Probiyotik Türleri, Maya Hücre Duvarı ve Aluminosilikatın GOT2 ve CYP450 1A5 Gen Ekspresyonları İle Karaciğer Enzimlerinin Serum Konsantrasyonları Üzerine Etkisi

Bu çalışma, broiler tavuklarda aflatoksin ile kontamine diyette maya hücre duvarı, aluminosilikat ve bazı probiyotik türlerinin GOT2 ve CYP450 1A5 genlerinin ekspresyonları ile GGT, ALT, AST ve LDH gibi karaciğer enzimlerinin serum konsantrasyonları üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. 400 adet Cobb 500 yedi günlük civciv rastgele düzen içinde 8 uygulama ve 5 tekrar üzere kullanıldı. Uygulamalar şu şekilde gerçekleştirildi: 1- Negatif kontrol (NC), 2- NC + 1 mg/kg aflatoksin veya pozitif kontrol (PC), 3- PC + 1 kg/ton Toxeat® (toksin bağlayıcı), 4- PC + Lactobacillus türleri (L), 5- PC + Bacillus subtilis JQ618 türü (B), 6- PC + Saccharomyces cerevisiae hücre duvarı (Y), 7- PC + [PC+ BLY )B+ L+ Y(], 8- PC + Hidratlı sodyum kalsiyum Aluminosilikat (HA). LDH, ALT, GGT ve AST serum konsantrasyonları PC grubunda 42. günde arttı (P?0.05). Tox®, L ve BLY AST serum seviyesini düşürdü (P?0.05). PC uygulanan grupta artmış serum GGT konsantrasyonu gözlemlenirken HA, Y, B ve L uygulamaları bu seviyeyi düşürdü (P?0.05). Elde edilen sonuçlar, PC grubunda GOT2 ve CYP450 1A5 upregulasyonunu gösterdi. Ancak, Y, B, L ve Tox® GOT ekspresyonunu azalttı. Aflatoksin absorbe eden madde ilave edilen gruplarda CYP450 1A5 ekspresyonu artarak aflatoksin tarafından oluşturulan olumsuz etkiler azaltılmıştır.

Effect of Commercial Toxin Binder, Native Probiotic Strains, Cell Wall Yeast and Aluminosilicate in Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxin, on the Expression of GOT2, CYP450 1A5 Genes and Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Broiler Chickens Mohsen BARATI 1 Mohammad CHAMANI 1? Seyed Naser MOUSAVI 2 S

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cell wall yeast, aluminosilicate and some probiotic strains in diets contaminated with aflatoxin, on the expression of GOT2, CYP450 1A5 genes and serum concentrations of liver enzymes including GGT, ALT, AST and LDH in broilers. 400 seven-days old chicks from strain Cobb 500 were used as a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 5 replications. Treatments were included: 1- Negative control (NC), 2- NC + 1 mg/kg aflatoxin or positive control (PC), 3- PC + 1 kg/ton Toxeat® (a toxin binder), 4- PC + Lactobacillus strains (L), 5- PC + Bacillus subtilis JQ618 strain (B), 6- PC + Saccharomyces cerevisiae's cell wall (Y), 7- PC + [PC+ BLY ) B+ L+ Y(], 8- PC + Hydrated sodium calcium Aluminosilicate (HA). The serum concentrations of LDH, ALT, GGT and AST were increased in PC group at 42d (P?0.05). Tox®, L and BLY reduced serum levels of AST (P?0.05). Increased serum concentration of GGT was observed in PC treatment, decreased by HA, Y, B and L treatments (P?0.05). The results showed the upregulation of GOT2, CYP450 1A5 in PC group. But Y, B, L and Tox® reduced the expression of GOT2. The groups receiving aflatoxin adsorbent compounds reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on increasing the expression of CYP450 1A5.

PDF

___

1. Smith JE, Solomons G, Lewis C, Anderson JG: Role of mycotoxins in human and animal nutrition and health. Nat Toxins, 3 (4): 187-192, 1995. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i3.711
2. Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Alonso-Debolt M: Efficacy of a Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 78 (2): 204-210, 1999.
3. Rawal S, Yip SS, Coulombe Jr RA: Cloning expression and functional characterization of cytochrome P450 3A37 from turkey liver with high aflatoxin B1 epoxidation activity. Chem Res Toxicol, 23 (8): 1322-1329, 2010. DOI: 10.1021/tx1000267
4. Monson MS, Coulombe RA, Reed KM: Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from toxicity and responses to aflatoxin B1 in poultry. Agric, 5 (3): 742-777, 2015. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture5030742
5. Rawal S, Mendoza KM, Reed KA, Coulombe Jr RA: Structure, genetic mapping, and function of the cytochrome P450 3A37 gene in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Cytogenet Genome Res, 125 (1): 67-73, 2009. DOI: 10.1159/000218748
6. Leeson S, Diaz G, Gonzalo J, Summers JD: Poultry metabolic disorders and mycotoxins. University Books, Guelph, Canada, 1995.
7. Yarru LP, Settivari RS, Gowda NKS, Antoniou E, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE: Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the expression of hepatic genes associated with biotransformation, antioxidant, and immune systems in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin. Poult Sci, 88 (12): 2620- 2627, 2009. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00204
8. Sookoian S, Pirola CJ: Liver enzymes, metabolomics and genomewide association studies: From systems biology to the personalized medicine. World J Gastroenterol, 21 (3): 711-725, 2015. DOI: 10.3748/ wjg.v21.i3.711
9. Ma QG, Gao X, Zhou T, Zhao LH, Fan Y, Li XY, Lei YP, Ji C, Zhang JY: Protective effect of Bacillus Subtilis ANSB060 on egg quality, biochemical and histopathological changes in layers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci, 91 (11): 2852-2857, 2012. DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010001
10. Kasmani FB, Torshizi MK, Allameh A, Shariatmadari F: A novel aflatoxin-binding Bacillus probiotic: Performance, serum biochemistry, and immunological parameters in Japanese quail. Poult Sci, 91 (8): 1846- 1853, 2012. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01830
11. Kubena LF, Harvey RB, Bailey RH, Buckley SA, Rottinghaus GE: Effects of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) on mycotoxicosis in young broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 77 (10): 1502-1509, 1998. DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.10.1502
12. Monson MS, Settlage RE, Mendoza KM, Rawal S, El-Nezami HS, Coulombe RA, Reed KM: Modulation of the spleen transcriptome in domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in response to aflatoxin B1 and probiotics. Immunogenetics, 67 (3): 163-178, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s00251- 014-0825-y
13. Gao X, Ma Q, Zhao L, Lei Y, Shan Y, Ji C: Isolation of Bacillus Subtilis: Screening for aflatoxins B1, M1, and G1 detoxification. Eur Food Res Technol, 232 (6): 957-962, 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1463-3
14. Karaman M, Basmacioglu H, Ortatatli M, Oguz H: Evaluation of the detoxifying effect of yeast glucomannan on aflatoxicosis in broilers as assessed by gross examination and histopathology.Br Poult Sci, 46 (3): 394-400, 2005. DOI: 10.1080/00071660500124487
15. Zaghini A, Martelli G, Roncada P, Simioli M, Rizzi L: Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1 in feed for laying hens: effects on egg quality, aflatoxins B1 and M1 residues in eggs, and aflatoxin B1 levels in liver. Poult Sci, 84 (6): 825-832, 2005.
16. Li JJ, Suo DC, Su XO: Binding capacity for aflatoxin B1 by different adsorbents. Agric Sci China, 9 (3): 449-456, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/S1671- 2927(09)60116-4
17. Feddern V, Cunha A, Krabbe EL, Tavernari FDC, Scheuermann GN, Dors GC, Mazzuco H: Aflatoxins importance on animal nutrition. InTech, 171-195, 2013. DOI: 10.5772/51952
18. Johnsson M, Jonsson KB, Andersson L, Jensen P, Wright D: Genetic regulation of bone metabolism in the chicken: Similarities and differences to mammalian systems. PLoS Genet, 11 (5): e1005250, 2015. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pgen.1005250
19. Manal I: Detoxification and antioxidant effects of garlic and curcumin in Oreochromis niloticus injected with aflatoxin B1 with reference to gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by RT-PCR. Fish Physiol Biochem, 42 (2): 617-629, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0164-4
20. Settivari RS, Bhusari S, Evans T, Eichen PA, Hearne LB, Antoniou E, Spiers DE: Genomic analysis of the impact of fescue toxicosis on hepatic function. J Anim Sci, 84 (5): 1279-1294, 2006. DOI: 10.2527/2006. 8451279x
21. Ebrahimi R, Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Soleimani Farjam A, Shokryazdan P, Idrus Z: Effect of dietary lead on intestinal nutrient transporters mRNA expression in broiler chickens. Biomed Res Int, 2015 (2015), Article ID: 149745, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/149745
22. Li Y, Ma QG, Zhao LH, Wei H, Duan GX, Zhang JY, Ji C: Effects of lipoic acid on immune function, the antioxidant defense system, and inflammation-related genes expression of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin contaminated diets. Int J Mol Sci, 15 (4): 5649-5662, 2014. DOI: 10.3390/ ijms15045649
23. Rosebrough RW, Russell BA, Richards MP: Effects of short term triiodothyronine administration to broiler chickens fed methimazole. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 150 (1): 72-78, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.02.009
24. Zhang LL, Zhang JR, Guo K, Ji H, Zhang Y, Jiang SX: Effects of fluoroquinolones on CYP4501A and 3A in male broilers. Res Vet Sci, 90 (1): 99-105, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.025
25. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-??CT method. Methods, 25 (4): 402-408, 2001. DOI: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262
26. SAS institute: SAS User's Guide. Release 9.2 Ed. SAS Institute Inc. Cary. NC. 2009.
27. Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R: Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention. Res Vet Sci, 89 (3): 325-331, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/J.rvsc.2010.04.011
28. Zhao J, Shirley RB, Dibner JD, Uraizee F, Officer M, Kitchell M, Vazquez-Anon M, Knight CD: Comparison of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall on counteracting aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 89 (10): 2147-2156, 2010. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00608
29. Abbès S, Ouanes Z, ben Salah-Abbès J, Houas Z, Oueslati R, Bacha H, Othman O: The protective effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate against haematological, biochemical and pathological changes induced by Zearalenone in mice. Toxicon, 47 (5): 567-574, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.01.016
30. Shi YH, Xu ZR, Feng JL, Wang CZ: Efficacy of modified montmorillonite nanocomposite to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 129 (1): 138-148, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/ j.anifeedsci.2005.12.006
31. Neeff DV, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Dakovic A, Murarolli RA, Oliveira CAF: In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to bind and reduce aflatoxin residues in tissues of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci, 92 (1): 131-137, 2013. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02510
32. Aravind KL, Patil VS, Devegowda G, Umakantha B, Ganpule SP: Efficacy of esterified glucomannan to counteract mycotoxicosis in naturally contaminated feed on performance and serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broilers. Poult Sci, 82 (4): 571-576, 2003.
33. Andretta I, Kipper M, Lehnen CR, Lovatto PA: Meta-analysis of the relationship of mycotoxins with biochemical and hematological parameters in broilers. Poult Sci, 91 (2): 376-382, 2012. DOI: 10.3382/ ps.2011-01813
34. Zaky ZM, Salem DA, El-Ballal SS, Meki AMA: Effect of Staphylococcus aureus protein and freund's complete adjuvant on aflatoxin B1 toxicity in broilers. Wien Tierarztl Monat, 85 (2): 43-48, 1998.
35. Chen X, Horn N, Applegate TJ: Efficiency of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the adverse effects of graded levels of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 93 (8): 2037-2047, 2014. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03984
36. Gowda NKS, Ledoux DR, Rottinghaus GE, Bermudez AJ, Chen YC: Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa), containing a known level of curcumin, and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the adverse effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 87 (6): 1125- 1130, 2008. DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00313
37. Yildirim E, Yalcinkaya I, Kanbur M, Cinar M, Oruc E: Effects of yeast glucomannan on performance, some biochemical parameters and pathological changes in experimental aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Rev Med Vet (Toulouse), 162, 413-420, 2011.
38. Monson MS, Settlage RE, McMahon KW, Mendoza KM, Rawal S, El-Nezami HS, Coulombe RA, Reed KM: Response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin B1 in domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). PLoS One, 9 (6): 100930, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100930
39. Sridhar M, Suganthi RU, Thammiaha V: Effect of dietary resveratrol in ameliorating aflatoxin B1 induced changes in broiler birds. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 99 (6): 1094-1104, 20. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12260