HABİP MURUZ, İSMAİL KAYA, NURCAN ÇETİNKAYA, MUSTAFA SALMAN, ENES ATMACA

Farklı Düzeylerde Protein İçeren Konsantre Yem Karışımının Bafra Irkı Kuzularda Besi Performansı, Sindirilebilirlik, Bazı Rumen ve Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, kuzu bitirme karma yemlerinde artan düzeyde ham proteinin (HP) Bafra kuzularında sindirilebilirlik, rumen pH'sı, büyüme performansı, uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA), amonyak azotu (NH3-N) ve bazı kan parametreleri (serum üre, glukoz ve total protein) üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada, 3-3.5 aylık yaşta, ortalama 24±0.4 kg canlı ağırlığında 30 adet Bafra erkek kuzusu kullanıldı. Araştırmada kuzular her bir grupta 10 adet olacak şekilde rastgele 3 gruba dağıtıldı. Deneme gruplarında kullanılan konsantre yemin ham protein (HP) içeriği %11, 14 ve 17 olacak şekilde düzenlendi. Her bir deneme grubu rasyonu %80 konsantre yem ve %20 fiğ samanından oluşturuldu. Kuzular günde iki kez olacak şekilde 60 gün süre ile ad libitum beslendi. Tüm deneme grupları arasında ortalama yem tüketimleri benzer bulundu. En iyi yemden yararlanma oranı (5.19) %17 HP içeren konsantre yem tüketen grupta kaydedildi. Ortalama besi sonu canlı ağırlık ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışları %17 HP içeren bitirme yemlerini tüketen grupta istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede (p

The Effects of Diets with Different Protein Contents on Growth Performance and Digestibility, and on Some Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Parameters, in Bafra Lambs

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of diet with increasing dietary levels of crude protein (CP) on digestibility, rumen pH, growth performance, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and on several blood parameters (serum urea, glucose and total protein), in the finishing period of Bafra lambs. Thirty male Bafra lambs, which were 3-3.5 months of age and average live weight of 24±0.4 kg, were divided into three groups (n=10 lambs per group) in a completely randomized design experiment. The diets were composed of 80% compound feed containing 11, 14 or 17% CP and 20% vetch straw. Lambs were fed ad libitium twice each day during the feeding trial period of 60 days. In the last week of the feeding period, all feces were collected to determine digestibility. The rumen and blood samples were collected at the end of the feeding period. The average feed intake was similiar among all tested diets. The best feed conversion rate was recorded the 17% CP diet. Final live weight and average daily gain (ADG) of lambs were significantly higher in lambs fed the 17% CP diet (P<0.05). CP digestibility was highest in the 17% CP diet (P<0.05) but the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility were not affected by protein level. The rumen fluid NH3-N level increased significantly (P<0.05), pH and butyric acid level were not significantly affected, ruminal acetic acid and acetate:propionate ratio increased significantly (P<0.05) and propionic acid level decreased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase in dietary CP level. No significant differences were observed between groups for serum glucose and albumin, while the serum urea levels in the 14% and 17% CP groups were higher than for 11% CP (P<0.05). The highest economic value was for the 17% CP at 187.97%. Bafra lambs fed a diet containing 17% CP and vetch straw achieved a significantly higher body weight, had the best FCR and yielded a higher net profit than the other groups. If larger scale, on-farm studies confirm the findings of this study, Bafra lamb producers should be encouraged to maximise potential net profit by adopting its feeding regime, including 17% CP.

PDF

___

1. TUIK - Turkish Statistical Institute: Statistical Database. Accessed: May 15, 2016.
2. Arıtürk E, Akçapınar H, Aydoğan M, Bayrak S: Karayaka koyun ırkının melezleme ile ıslahı. Doğa Turk Vet Hay Derg, 11, 21-26, 1987.
3. Dutta TK, Agnihotri MK, Sahoo PK, Rajkumar V, Das AK: Effect of different protein-energy ratio in pulse by-products and residue based pelleted feeds on growth, rumen fermentation, carcass and sausage quality in Barbari kids. Small Ruminant Res, 85, 34-41, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j. smallrumres.2009.07.002
4. Reynal SM, Broderick GA: Effect of dietary level of rumen-degraded protein on production and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 88, 4045-4064, 2005. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302 (05)73090-3
5. Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M, Berg J: Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livest Sci, 144, 197-204, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.11.011
6. NRC: Nutrient requirement of sheep. 6th edn., National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 1985.
7. Andrews RP, Orskov ER: The nutrition of early weaned lamb. I. The influence of protein concentration and feeding level on rate of gain in body weight. J Agric Sci (Camb), 75, 11-18, 1970. DOI: 10.1017/ S0021859600025995
8. Keser O, Bilal T: Effect of different dietary protein levels on performance, N digestibility and some blood parameters in Kıvırcık lambs. Acta Vet (Beograd) 58, 487-498, 2008. DOI: 10.2298/AVB0806487K
9. Haddad SG, Nasr RE, Muwalla MM: Optimum dietary crude protein level for finishing Awassi lambs. Small Ruminant Res, 39, 41-46, 2001. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00172-3
10. Titi HH, Tabbaa MJ, Amasheh MG, Barakeh F, Daqamseh B: Comparative performance of Awassi lambs and Black goat kids on different crude protein levels in Jordan. Small Ruminant Res, 37, 131-135, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00136-4
11. Kaya I, Unal Y, Sahin T, Elmalı D: Effect of different protein levels on fattening performance, digestibility and rumen parameters in finishing lambs. J Anim Vet Adv, 8, 309-312, 2009.
12. Dabiri N, Thonney ML: Source and level of supplemental protein for growing lambs. J Anim Sci, 82, 3237-3244, 2004. DOI: 10.2527/2004. 82113237x
13. Sarwar M, Nisa M, Javaid A, Shahzad MA: Ruminal characteristics, blood pH, blood urea nitrogen and nitrogen balance in Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls fed diets containing various level of ruminally degradable protein. Ital J Anim Sci, 6, 441-445, 2010. DOI: 10.4081/ijas. 2007.s2.441
14. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi E, Tahmasebi AM, Danesh Mesgaran M, Naserian AA, Vakili A: Effect of dietary crude protein level on UT-B expression and nitrogen efficiency in growing Baluchi male lambs fed low or high concentrate diets. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, 5, 323-332, 2015.
15. Yang C, Bing-wen SI, Qi-yu D, Hai J, Shu-qin Z, Yan T: Rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in weaned Chahaer lambs on diets with different protein levels. J Integr Agric, 15, 1564-1574, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61217-5
16. Shalu T, Hart SP, Fernandez JM: Nitrogen metabolism and blood metabolism in three goat breeds fed increasing amounts of protein. Small Ruminant Res, 10, 281-92, 1993. DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(93)90133-3
17. Erwin ES, Marco GJ, Emery EM: Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci, 44, 1768-1771, 1961. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
18. Kazemi-Bonchenari MK, Rezayazdi K, Nikkhah A, Kohram H, Dehghan-Banadaky M: The effects of different levels of sodium caseinate on rumen fermentation pattern, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis of Holstein dairy cows. Afr J Biotechnol, 9, 1990-1998, 2010. DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.1325
19. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA, 2006.
20. Filipek J, Dvorak R: Determination of the volatile fatty acid content in the rumen liquid: Comparison of gas chromotography and capillary isotachophoresis. Acta Vet Brno, 78, 627-633, 2009. DOI: 10.2754/ avb200978040627
21. Mirza IH, Anjum MI, Khan AG, Azim A: Comparative evaluation of cotton seed meal and sunflower seed meal in urea molasses blocks versus commercial concentrate as supplement to basal ration of wheat straw with stall-fed Buffalo calves. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci, 17, 193-198, 2004. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.193
22. SPSS: Statistical packages for social science. Version 21, SPSS In., Illionsa, USA, 2007.
23. Mahmoud AEM: Impact of dietary proteın levels on digestibility, blood parameters, insulin like growth factore-1 and growth performance of growing rahmani lambs. Egypt J Nutr Feeds, 16, 195-202, 2013.
24. Beauchemin KA, McCelland LA, Kozub GC, Jones SDM: Effects of crude protein content, degradability and energy concentration of the diet on growth and carcass characteristics of market lambs fed high concentrate diets. Can J Anim Sci, 75, 387-395, 1995. DOI: 10.4141/ cjas95-058
25. Drouillard JS, Klopfenstein TJ, Britton RA, Bauer ML, Gramlich SM, Wester TJ, Ferrell CL: Growth, body composition, and visceral organ mass and metabolism in lambs during and after metabolizable protein or net energy restriction. J Anim Sci, 69, 3357-3375, 1991. DOI: 10.2527/1991.6983357x
26. Fluharty FL, McClure KE: Effect of dietary energy intakes and protein concentration on performance and visceral organ mass in lambs. J Anim Sci, 75, 604-10, 1997. DOI: 10.2527/1997.753604x
27. Kebede G: Optimum dietary crude protein level for fattening yearling Arsi-Bale lambs. World J Agric Sci, 11, 101-106, 2015.
28. Tafa A, Melaku S, Peters KJ: Supplementation with linseed (Linum usitatissimum) cake and/or wheat bran onfeed utilization and carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod, 42, 677-685, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9475-8
29. Santos RS, Ribeiro KG, Valadares Filho SC, Pereira OG, Villela SDJ, Silva JL: Effects of diets with high and low protein contents and two concentrate levels in Santa Ines×Texel lambs. Livest Sci, 177, 79-87, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.011
30. Abbasi IHR, Sahito HA, Abbasi F, Menghwar DR, Kakal NA, Sanjrani IG: Impact of different crude protein levels on growth of lambs under intensive management system. Int J Adv Res, 2, 227-235, 2014.
31. Mawati S, Soedarsono S, Sunarso S, Purnomoadi A: The Effects of different energy and protein ratio to sheep's nutrient intake and digestibility. ISJE, 4, 76-79, 2013. DOI: 10.12777/ijse.4.2.75-79
32. Sharifi M, Bashtani M, Naserian AA, Khorasani H: Effect of dietary crude protein level on the performance and apparent digestibility of Iranian Saanen kids. Afr J Biotechnol, 12, 4202-4205, 2013.
33. Wanapat M, Cherdthong A: Use of real-time PCR technique in studying rumen cellulolytic bacteria population as affected by level of roughage in Swamp buffalo. Curr Microbiol, 58, 294-299, 2009. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9322-6
34. Bae DH, Welch JG, Smith AM: Forage intake and rumination by sheep. J Anim Sci, 49, 1292-1299, 1979. doi: 10.2527/jas1979.4951292x
35. Vosooghi-poostindoz V, Foroughi AR, Delkhoroshan A, Ghaffar MH, Vakili R, Soleiman AK: Effects of different levels of protein with or without probiotics on growth performance and blood metabolite responses during pre- and post-weaning phases in male Kurdi lambs. Small Ruminant Res, 117, 1-9, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.11.015
36. Chen S, Paengkoum P, Xia X, Na-Lumpang P: Effects of dietary protein on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization and crude protein maintenance in growing Thaiindigenous beef cattle fed rice straw as roughage. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 2396-2400, 2010. DOI: 10.3923/ javaa.2010.2396.2400
37. Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M: Effect of legume (Phaseolus calcaratus) hay supplementation on rumen cellulolytic bacterial populations in swamp buffaloes investigated by the real-time PCR technique. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 1654-1659, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.02.003
38. Mc Donald P: Animal Nutrition. Pearson Education, Prentice Hall, Harlow, 2002.
39. MVM: The Merck Veterinary Manuel. 7th edn., Merck & Co, Inc, USA, 1991.
40. Hatfield PG, Hopkins JA, Ramsey WS, Gilmore A: Effects of level of protein and type of molasses on digesta kinetics and blood metbolites in sheep, Small Ruminant Res, 28, 161-170, 1998. DOI: 10.1016/S0921- 4488(97)00085-0
41. Hammond AC: Effect of dietary protein level, ruminal protein solubility and time after feeding on plasma urea nitrogen and the relationship of plasma urea nitrogen to other ruminal and plasma parameters. J Anim Sci, 57, 435, 1983.
42. Bilal T: Veteriner Hekimlikte Laboratuvar Tanı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Basım ve Yayınevi Müdürlüğü, İstanbul, 2004.
43. Yurtman IY, Savas T, Karaagac F, Coskuntuna L: Effects of daily protein intake levels on the oral stereotypic behaviours in energy restricted lambs. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 1889, 1-12, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/ S0168-1591(02)00025-4
44. Shahbabak MS, Rozbahan Y, Shahrbabak MM, Shahrbabak HM: Effect of different levels of digestible undegradable protein on the fattening performance of Kermani male lambs. Int J Agri Biol, 8, 721- 723, 2006.