Yayınlanmış araştırma makalelerinde sözcük öbeklerinin yapısal ve işlevsel analizi

Bu çalışma, Türk akademisyenleri tarafından İngilizce yazılmış araştırma makalelerinde bulunan sözcük gruplarının sıklık, yapı ve fonksiyonlarının derlem tabanlı incelemesidir. Araştırmanın amacı için, altı farklı akademik disiplinde yayınlanan bir milyon kelimelik araştırma makalesi derlemi oluşturulmuştur. Derlemdeki dört kelimeli sözcük öbekleri hem yapısal hem de işlevsel olarak tanımlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, Türk yazarların araştırma makalelerinde sıklıkla kullandıkları sözlüklerin yapısal ilişkilere sahip olduğunu ve akademik yazım söylemini oluşturmak için güçlü işlevler gerçekleştirdiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, çalışma alanyazında daha önce tespit edilmemiş sözcük öbeklerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, akademik türlerin ve sözcük gruplarının öğretilmesine uygulanabilir. Elde edilen bulgular ve tartışmalar, akademik yazıda daha fazla derlem temelli çalışmalara ışık tutabilir.

Lexical bundles in published research articles: A corpus-based study

This corpus-based study investigates to what extent L1 Turkish speakers of English produce lexical bundles intheir academic writing. To this end, a corpus of published research articles in six academic disciplines wascollected. The corpus included one-million words in total. The four and five-word lexical bundles in the corpuswere identified with the help of a corpus software and analyzed for their frequency, structural and functionalfeatures. The analysis yielded a total of 99 four-word and 22 five-word lexical bundles in the corpus. The resultsshowed that the lexical bundles frequently used by Turkish authors in research articles had structural correlatesand performed strong functions to construct the discourse of academic writing. Also, the study revealed a newgroup of bundles called research referential bundles. This finding might indicate that genre plays a significant rolein the use of lexical bundles. The discussions given in this article could provide insights for further multi-wordstudies.

PDF

___

Ädel, A., & Erman, B. (2012). Recurrent word combinations in academic writing by native and nonnative speakers of English: A lexical bundles approach. English for Specific Purposes, 31(2), 81- 92.
Altenberg, B. (1998). On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word combinations. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis and applications (pp. 99–122). Oxford: OUP.
Biber, D. (1996). Investigating language use through corpus-based analyses of association patterns. International journal of Corpus linguistics, 1(2), 171–198.
Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. Amsterdam: Benjamin.
Biber, D., & Barbieri, F. (2007). Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes, 26, 263–286.
Biber, D., & Conrad, S. (1999). Lexical Bundles in Conversations and Academic Prose. In H. Hasselgard & S. Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of corpora: studies in honour of Stig Johansson (pp. 181– 190). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2003). Lexical bundles in speech and writing: an initial taxonomy. In A. Wilson, P. Rayson & T. McEnery (Eds.), Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech (pp. 71–93). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Cortes, V. (2004). If you look at ...: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25, 371–405.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Biber, D., Gray, B., & Poonpon, K. (2011). Should we use characteristics of conver- sation to measure grammatical complexity in L2 writing development? TESOL Quarterly, 45, 5-35. doi: 10.5054/ tq.201 1.24448
Butler, C. (1997). Repeated word combinations in spoken and written text: Some implications for functional grammar. In C. Butler, J. Connolly, R. Gatward, & M. Wismans (Eds.), A fund of Ideas: Recent development in functional grammar (pp. 60–77). Amsterdam: Institute for Functional Research into Language and Language Use.
Chen, Y. H. and P. Baker. (2010). Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 academic writing, Language Learning and Technology, 14(2), 30–49.
Cortes, V. (2002). Lexical bundles in Freshman composition. In R. Reppen, S. M. Fitzmaurice & D. Biber (Eds.), Using corpora to explore linguistic variation (pp. 131–145). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing: Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23, 397–423.
Cortes, V. (2008). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in academic history writing in English and Spanish. Corpora, 3, 43-57.
Cowie A. P. (1994). Phraseology. In Asher, R.E. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3168-3171.
DeCock, S. (1998). A recurrent word combination approach to the study of formulae in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 3, 59–80.
DeCock, S. (2000). Repetitive phrasal chunkiness and advanced EFL speech and writing.In Mair, C., and Hundt, M. (Eds.), Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory (pp. 51-68), Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Erman, B. & B. Warren. (2000). The idiom principle and the open-choice principle, Text, 20, 29–62.
Granger, S. (1998). Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: Collocations and formulae. In A. Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications (pp. 145–160). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Güngör, F., & Uysal, H. H. (2016). A comparative analysis of lexical bundles used by native and nonnative scholars. English Language Teaching, 9(6), 176-188.
Granger, S., & Meunier, F. (Eds.). (2008). Phraseology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Herbel&Eisenmann, B. Wagner, D. & Cortes, V. (2010). Lexical bundle analysis in mathematics classroom.discourse:The significance of stance Educational Studies in Mathematics, 75(1), 23-42.
Hyland, K. (2008a). As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes, 27, 4-21.
Hyland, K. (2008b). Academic clusters: text patterning in published and postgraduate writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18, 41-62.
Hyland, K. (2012). Disciplinary identities: Individuality and community in academic discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kim, Y. (2009). Korean lexical bundles in conversation and academic texts. Corpora, 4, 135-165.
Moon, R. (1998). Fixed Expressions and idioms in English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences acquisition, processing, and use (pp. 1- 22). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub.
Nattinger, J. R., & De Carrico, J. S. (1992). Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nesi, H., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Lexical bundles and discourse signaling in academic lectures. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11, 283-304.
Pawley, A., & Syder, F. (1983). Two puzzles for linguistic theory: native like selection and native like fluency. In J. Richards & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 191-226). London: Longman.
Römer, U. & Arbor, A. (2009). English in academia: Does nativeness matter? Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies 20(2), (89-100).
Salazar, D. (2014). Lexical Bundles in Native and Nonnative Scientific Writing: Applying a Corpusbased Study to Language Teaching. Studies in corpus linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amterdam/Philadelphia.
Schmitt, N., & Carter, R. (2004). Formulaic sequences in action: An introduction. In N. Schmitt (ed.), Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing and use. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–22.
Schmitt, N., Grandage, S., & Adolphs, S. (2004). Are corpus-derived clusters psycholinguistically valid? In N. Schmitt (Ed.), Formulaic sequences (pp. 127–151). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Scott, M., & Tribble, C. (Eds.). (2006). Textual Patterns: Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V.
Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stubbs, M. (2007a). An example of frequent English phraseology: Distribution, structures and functions. In R. Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics 25 years on (pp. 89–105). Amsterdam: Radopi.
Stubbs, M. (2007b). Quantitative data on multi-word sequences in English: The case of word ‘world’. In M. Hoey, M. Mahlberg, M. Stubbs & W. Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora: Theory and Analysis (pp. 163–189). London: Continuum.
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.