Seyyed Hatam TAMİMİ SA D, Mohammad MOHAMMADİ

A cross-sectional study of Iranian EFL learners' polite and impolite apologies

Başarılı iletişim dilbilimsel yeti ve incelikle yakından ilişkili olan uygunluğu ifade eden toplumsal dil yetisininortak ürünüdür. Bu çalışma İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen İranlı öğrencilerin özür söz eyleminigerçekleştirirken kullandıkları incelik stratejilerini araştırmayı hedeflemiştir. Veri, özür söz eyleminingerçekleştiği altı durumdan oluşan söylem tamamlama etkinliklerine cevap veren 30 İngilizceyi yabancı dilolarak öğrenen öğrencilerden toplanmıştır. Veri incelemesi üç aşamadan oluşmuştur. İlk olarak, özür ve incelikstratejilerini belirlemek üzere bu çalışma Olshtain ve Cohenın (1983) özür stratejileri sınıflamasını ve Brown veLevinsonın (1987) incelik teorisini sırasıyla izlemiştir. İkinci aşamada verilen toplam ifade sayısının %50sinioluşturan 90 özür ifadeleri anadili İngilizce olan iki kişi tarafından incelik Likert ölçeğine göredeğerlendirilmiştir: 1=ince, 2=Kısmen ince ve 3= ince değil. Son olarak, anadil olarak İngilizce konuşan kişilerinözür ifadelerini incelik açısından değerlendirmelerine dayanarak, araştırmacılar ifadeleri uygunluk veuygunsuzluk açısından niteliksel olarak incelemişlerdir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar şöyledir: a) Anadili İngilizce olankişiler 27 tane (%30) özür ifadesini ince, 40 tanesini (%44.5) kısmen ince ve 23 tanesini (%25.5) ince olmayanşeklinde değerlendirmişlerdir; b) en sık kullanılan özür ifadelerinin pişmanlık ifadeleri, durumu açıklama,öz-yetersizlik ifade etme ve düzeltme isteme olduğu bulunmuştur; c) erkekler ve kadınlar arasında özürdilerken kullanılan incelik stratejileri açısından önemli bir fark olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır ve d) özür dilerkenkatılımcılar olumlu ve olumsuz incelik stratejilerine bağlı kalmışlardır. Sonuç olarak, İngilizceyi yabancı dilolarak öğrenen İranlı öğrencilerin özür dilerken kısmen toplumsal dil yetisine sahip oldukları görülmüştür.

İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen İranlı öğrencilerin incelikli olan ve olmayan özürleri üzerine çapraz kesişimli bir çalışma

Successful communication is the joint product of linguistic as well the sociolinguistic competence, with the lattercompetence denoting appropriateness which is closely associated with politeness. The present study aimed toinvestigate the politeness strategies employed by Iranian EFL learners in the speech act of apology. Data werecollected from 30 EFL learners who responded to a discourse completion task (DCT) which realized the speechact of apology consisted of six situations. Data analysis consisted of three phases. First, to identify the apologystrategies and politeness strategies, the study followed Olshtain and Cohen's (1983) taxonomy of apologystrategies and Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, respectively. Second, 90 apology utterances,comprising 50% of the total number of utterances, were assessed by two native speakers of English on apoliteness Likert scale of 1=Polite, 2=Partially Polite and 3=Impolite. Finally, drawing on the native speakerassessment of (im)politeness of the apology utterances, the researchers analyzed the utterances qualitatively interms of appropriacy and inappropriacy. The results indicated that a) Native speakers rated 27 (30%) apologyutterances as polite, 40 (44.5%) as partially polite and 23 (25.5%) as impolite.; b) the most frequent apologystrategies were an 'expression of regret', 'an explanation or account of the situation', 'expressing self-deficiency'and 'an offer of repair'; c) there was a significant difference between males and females with regard to their useof politeness strategies in apology; and d) the participants relied on negative and positive politeness strategieswhen apologizing. In conclusion, Iranian EFL learners were only partially sociolinguistically competent inapology.

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