Fatma SÖNMEZ ÇAKIR, Songül YESİLOT ZEHİR, Zafer ADIGÜZEL

Ortaklık Yetenekleri ve Girişim Yönelimi’nin İnovasyon ve İhracat Performansına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Araştırma için, ortaklıkla kurulan ihracata yönelik girişimlerde çalışan üst düzey yöneticilerden veriler toplanmıştır. Bu girişimlerin seçilmesinin nedeni, ihracata yönelik ortaklıklarla kurulan girişimlerde ortaklık yeteneklerinin ve girişimcilik yönelimlerinin hem ihracat performansı hem de inovasyon performansı üzerindeki etkilerinin başarılı olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırma ihracata yönelik girişimlerin yoğun olarak bulunduğu organizasyonel alanlarda yürütüldüğünden yenilikçi bir çalışmadır ve aynı zamanda araştırmanın örneklem grubunu ortaklıkla kurulmuş girişimler oluşturmaktadır. Modelleme ve test için 601 üst düzey çalışandan veriler toplanmış ve İstanbul/Türkiye'deki teknoparklar, girişimci dernekleri ve girişimci vakıflarına kayıtlı listelerden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz için SmartPLS 3.3.5 kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin analizi sonucunda hem ortaklık yeteneklerinin hem de girişimcilik yönelimlerinin ihracat ve yenilik performansları üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu açıklanabilmektedir. Bu sonuçlar ortaklıkla kurulan ihracata yönelik girişimlerde yeteneklerin ne kadar çok önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmanın kısıtları değerlendirildiğinde, İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren teknoparklar, girişimci dernekleri ve girişimci vakıflarına kayıtlı girişimlerden elde edilen veriler belirli bir bölgeyi temsil ettiğinden dolayı araştırma sonuçlarını genellemek doğru olmayacaktır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçların sadece örneklem grubuna göre değerlendirilmesi ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalarda bu durumun dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ortaklık Yetenekleri, Girişimci Odaklılık, İnovasyon Performansı, İhracat Performansı

Examination of The Effects of Partnership Capabilities and Entrepreneurship Orientation on Innovation Performance and Export Performance

For the research, data were collected from senior managers working in jointly established export-oriented ventures. The reason for choosing these initiatives is to examine whether partnership capabilities and entrepreneurial orientations' effects on export performance and innovation performance are successful in ventures established with export-oriented partnerships. Since the research is conducted in organizational areas where export-oriented enterprises are concentrated, it is an innovative study, and at the same time, the sample group of the research consists of ventures established in partnership. Data were collected from 601 senior employees for modeling and testing, and the lists registered with technoparks, entrepreneur associations, and entrepreneur foundations in Istanbul/Turkey were used. SmartPLS 3.3.5 was used for analysis. As a result of the data analysis in the research, it can be explained that both partnership abilities and entrepreneurial orientations positively affect export and innovation performances. These results show how important talents are in export-oriented ventures established in partnership. When the limitations of the research are evaluated, it will not be correct to generalize the research results since the data obtained from the enterprises registered to technoparks, entrepreneur associations, and entrepreneurial foundations operating in Istanbul represent a specific region. For this reason, it is recommended that the results obtained in this study should be evaluated only according to the sample group, and this situation should be taken into account in future studies.

Keywords:

Partnership Capabilities, Entrepreneurship Orientation, Innovation Performance, Export Performance,

PDF

___

Acikdilli, G., Mintu-Wimsatt, A., Kara, A., & Spillan, J. E. (2020). Export market orientation, marketing capabilities and export performance of SMEs in an emerging market: A resource-based approach. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 1-16.
Ahadi, S., & Kasraie, S. (2020). Contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention in manufacturing SMEs: the case study of Iran. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(4), 633-657. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2019-0074
Ali, M. A., Hussin, N., Haddad, H., Al-Araj, R., & Abed, I. A. (2021). Intellectual capital and innovation performance: Systematic literature review. Risks, 9(9), 1-19.
Ali, M. A., Hussin, N., Haddad, H., Alkhodary, D., & Marei, A. (2021). Dynamic Capabilities and Their Impact on Intellectual Capital and Innovation Performance. Sustainability, 13(18), 1-32.
Alonso, J. M., & Andrews, R. (2019). Governance by targets and the performance of cross‐sector partnerships: Do partner diversity and partnership capabilities matter? Strategic Management Journal, 40(4), 556-579.
Alshanty, A. M., & Emeagwali, O. L. (2019). Market-sensing capability, knowledge creation, and innovation: The moderating role of entrepreneurial-orientation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(3), 171-178.
Anand, B., & Khanna, T. (2000). Do firms learn to create value? The case of alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 295–316.
Arifin, S. (2018). Building Export Performance Model with Product Innovation, Technology and Partnershıp Capabilities (Study On Furniture Exporters Jepara). The 5 IBSM International Conference on Business, Management and Accounting, 19-21 April 2018. Hanoi University of Industry, Vietnam. pp. 275 - 286.
Asad, M., Shabbir, M., Salman, R., Haider, S., & Ahmad, I. (2018). Do entrepreneurial orientation and size of enterprise influence the performance of micro and small enterprises? A study on mediating role of innovation. Management Science Letters, 8(10), 1015-1026.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
Bambang, A., Kusumawati, A., Nimran, U., & Suharyono, S. (2021). The effect of spiritual marketing and entrepreneurship orientation on determining sustainable competitive advantage. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 231-241.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
Boso, N., Cadogan, J. W., & Story, V. M. (2013). Entrepreneurial and market orientation as drivers of product innovation success: A study of exporters from a developing economy. International Small Business Journal, 31(1), 57-81.
Brettel, M., Chomik, C., & Flatten, T. C. (2015). How organizational culture influences innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk‐taking: Fostering entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs. Journal of small business management, 53(4), 868-885.
Cabral, L. M. (2017). Introduction to industrial organization. MIT press.
Caloghirou, Y., Hondroyiannis, G., & Vonortas, N. S. (2003). The performance of research partnerships. Managerial and Decision Economics, 24(2‐3), 85-99.
Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: an investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures. Journal of marketing, 58(1), 1-21.
Celtekligil, K., & Adiguzel, Z. (2019). Analysis of the effect of innovation strategy and technological turbulence on technology firms' competitive capabilities and organizational innovativeness. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 772-780.
Ciampi, F., Demi, S., Magrini, A., Marzi, G., & Papa, A. (2021). Exploring the impact of big data analytics capabilities on business model innovation: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Business Research, 123, 1-13.
Collis, D. J. (1991). A resource‐based analysis of global competition: the case of the bearings industry. Strategic management journal, 12(S1), 49-68.
Coulthard, M. (2007). The role of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance and the potential influence of relational dynamism. Journal of global business and technology, 3(1), 1-12.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic management journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1990). New venture strategic posture, structure, and performance: An industry life cycle analysis. Journal of business venturing, 5(2), 123-135.
Dadzie, Z., Agyapong, A., & Suglo, A. (2020). The role of internationalization in entrepreneurial orientation-performance link: empirical study of SMEs in a developing nation perspective. Review of International Business and Strategy, 31(2), 257-280. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-09-2019-0126
Dassouli, S., Bodolica, V., Satt, H. & M'hamdi, M. (2022). Adaptation strategy, international experience and export performance of Moroccan handicraft firms: the mediating role of partnerships, International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-01-2021-0127
De Melo, J. C. F., Salerno, M. S., Freitas, J. S., Bagno, R. B., & Brasil, V. C. (2021). Reprint of: From open innovation projects to open innovation project management capabilities: A process-based approach. International Journal of Project Management, 39(2), 170-182.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981a). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981b). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), pp. 382-388.
Gartner, W. B. (1989). Some suggestions for research on entrepreneurial traits and characteristics. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 14(1), 27-38.
Gartner, W. B. (1990). What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship? Journal of Business venturing, 5(1), 15-28.
Gerybadze, A., Hommel, U., Reiners, H. W., & Thomaschewski, D. (Eds.). (2010). Innovation and international corporate growth. Heidelberg: Springer.
Gloet, M., & Terziovski, M. (2004). Exploring the relationship between knowledge management practices and innovation performance. Journal of manufacturing technology management, 15(5), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380410540390
Gnangnon, S. K. (2019). Effect of multilateral trade liberalization on export performance in developing countries: does aid for trade matter? Review of International Business and Strategy, 29(2), 117-138. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-09-2018-0079
Gupta, P., & Chauhan, S. (2021). Firm capabilities and export performance of small firms: A meta-analytical review. European Management Journal, 39(5), 558-576.
Gupta, V., & Gupta, A. (2015). The concept of entrepreneurial orientation. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 55-137.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. sage publications.
Hair, J. F., Hollingsworth, C. L., Randolph, A. B., and Chong, A. Y. L. (2017). An Updated and Expanded Assessment of PLS-SEM in Information Systems Research. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 442-458.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hameed, W. U., Nisar, Q. A., & Wu, H. C. (2021). Relationships between external knowledge, internal innovation, firms’ open innovation performance, service innovation and business performance in the Pakistani hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 1-15.
Hofer, K. M., Niehoff-Hoeckner, L. M., & Totzek, D. (2019). Organizing and implementing export pricing: performance effects and moderating factors. Journal of International Marketing, 27(1), 74-94.
Hoque, M. T., Ahammad, M. F., Tzokas, N., & Gabay, G. (2020). Dimensions of dynamic marketing capability and export performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(5), 1219-1240. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2019-0482
Jeong, Y. M., Ali, M., Zacca, R., & Park, K. (2019). The effect of entrepreneurship orientation on firm performance: A multiple mediation model. Journal of east-west business, 25(2), 166-193.
Josien, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation: An empirical study of the risk-propensity dimension of entrepreneurs. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 18(1), 21-34.
Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long-term alliance success: The role of the alliance function. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 747–767
Kaleka, A. (2002). Resources and capabilities driving competitive advantage in export markets: guidelines for industrial exporters. Industrial marketing management, 31(3), 273-283.
Kaleka, A. (2012). Studying resource and capability effects on export venture performance. Journal of World Business, 47(1), 93-105.
Kaynak, E., & Kuan, W. K. Y. (1993). Environment, strategy, structure, and performance in the context of export activity: an empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturing firms. Journal of Business Research, 27(1), 33-49.
Kerr, S., & Ulrich, D. (1995). Creating the boundaryless organization: The radical reconstruction of organization capabilities. Planning Review, 23(5), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054528
Laffin, M., & Liddle, J. (2006). New perspectives on partnership. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm.2006.04219caa.001
Lee, J. N. (2001). The impact of knowledge sharing, organizational capability and partnership quality on IS outsourcing success. Information & management, 38(5), 323-335.
Lee, S. J., & Park, K. H. (2021). Impact of SME's Open Innovation and Organization Capabilities on Corporate Performance. Journal of Digital Convergence, 19(11), 235-246.
Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S., & Samiee, S. (2002). Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Business research, 55(1), 51-67.
Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2006). The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation and internal control in Chinese firms' new product development activities. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(3), 336-347.
Liao, Y. C., & Zhao, H. (2020). The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurship Orientation on New Product Innovation Performance. International Journal of Business, 25(2), 195-213.
Ling-Yee, L., & Ogunmokun, G. O. (2001). The influence of interfirm relational capabilities on export advantage and performance: an empirical analysis. International Business Review, 10(4), 399-420.
Linton, G. (2019). Innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness in startups: a case study and conceptual development. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 1-21.
Lita, R. P., & Faisal, R. F. (2018). Sme's performance of creative industries supporting tourism in Indonesia: market orientation, learning orientation and organizational innovativeness as determinants. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 22(1), 1-18.
Lomberg, C., Urbig, D., Stöckmann, C., Marino, L. D., & Dickson, P. H. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation: The dimensions’ shared effects in explaining firm performance. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 41(6), 973-998.
Louter, P. J., Ouwerkerk, C., & Bakker, B. A. (1991). An inquiry into successful exporting. European Journal of Marketing, 25(6), 7-23.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of business venturing, 16(5), 429-451.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Erdogan, B. (2004). If not entrepreneurship, can psychological characteristics predict entrepreneurial orientation? A pilot study. The ICFAI Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 1(1), 21-33.
Mabula, J. B., Dongping, H., & Chivundu-Ngulube, C. D. (2020). SME manager’s perceived cooperative support, commitment and trust on learning and entrepreneurship orientation for firm innovation. Human Systems Management, 39(2), 233-250.
Madsen, T. K. (1989). Successful export marketing management: some empirical evidence. International marketing review, 6(4), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001518
Malca, O., Peña-Vinces, J., & Acedo, F. J. (2020). Export promotion programmes as export performance catalysts for SMEs: insights from an emerging economy. Small Business Economics, 55(3), 831-851.
Markova, V. D., & Trapeznikov, I. S. (2016). Modern forms of business partnership. World of economics and management/Vestnik NSU. Series: Social and Economics Sciences, 16(4), 109-119.
Meekaewkunchorn, N., Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K., Muangmee, C., Kassakorn, N., & Khalid, B. (2021). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance: The mediating role of learning orientation. Economics & Sociology, 14(2), 294-312.
Mihov, M. (2020). Making it fit: the role of institutional work in the transplantation of the Anglo-Saxon public-private partnership model to Germany (Doctoral dissertation, King's College London (University of London)).
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management science, 29(7), 770-791.
Monteiro, A. P., Soares, A. M., & Rua, O. L. (2019). Linking intangible resources and entrepreneurial orientation to export performance: The mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(3), 179-187.
Mothe, C., & Thi, T. U. N. (2010). The link between non‐technological innovations and technological innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 13(3), 313-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061011060148
Mysen, T. (2013). Towards a framework for controls as determinants of export performance: A review and analysis of empirical literature 1995‐2011. European Business Review, 25(3), 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341311314807
Naglič, A., Tominc, P., & Logožar, K. (2020). The impact of industry 4.0 on export market orientation, market diversification, and export performance. Organizacija, 53(3), 227-244.
Nielsen, C. (2018). From innovation performance to business performance: Conceptualising a framework and research agenda. Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-03-2018-0318
Nijssen, E. J., Hillebrand, B., Vermeulen, P. A., & Kemp, R. G. (2006). Exploring product and service innovation similarities and differences. International journal of research in marketing, 23(3), 241-251.
Nitzl, C., & Hirsch, B. (2016). The drivers of a superior’s trust formation in his subordinate: The manager–management accountant example. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 12(4), 472-503. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-07-2015-0058
Nuvriasari, A., Ishak, A., Hidayat, A., Mustafa, Z., & Haryono, S. (2020). The Effect of Market and Entrepreneurship Orientation on SME’s Business Performance: The Role of Entrepreneurial Marketing in Indonesian Batik Industries. European Journal of Business and Management, 12(5), 29-37.
Paudel, S. (2020). Leadership Style and Business Performance in Nepali SMEs: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship Orientation. Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(1-2), 1-17.
Pérez-Luño, A., Wiklund, J., & Cabrera, R. V. (2011). The dual nature of innovative activity: How entrepreneurial orientation influences innovation generation and adoption. Journal of business Venturing, 26(5), 555-571.
Pittino, D., Martínez, A. B., Chirico, F., & Galván, R. S. (2018). Psychological ownership, knowledge sharing and entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: The moderating role of governance heterogeneity. Journal of Business Research, 84, 312-326.
Prajogo, D. I., & Sohal, A. S. (2006). The integration of TQM and technology/R&D management in determining quality and innovation performance. Omega, 34(3), 296-312.
Prastiwi, S. K., & Rohimat, A. M. (2020). Performance of GoFood MSEs Partnership: An Integration of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Marketing Capabilities, and Brand Orientation. Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business, 5(3), 310-336.
Purnomo, D. S., Suryana, Y. S., & Sari, D. (2018). The effect of business partnership and innovation management to business performance of business units of multiplay provider In Indonesia. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 1-12.
Rank, O. N., & Strenge, M. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation as a driver of brokerage in external networks: Exploring the effects of risk taking, proactivity, and innovativeness. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(4), 482-503.
Ringle, C. M. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3). http://www.smartpls.de
Ringle, C., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (Beta). Hamburg, (www.smartpls.de)
Robertson, J., Caruana, A., & Ferreira, C. (2021). Innovation performance: The effect of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities in cross-country innovation ecosystems. International Business Review, 1-14.
Ruzekova, V., Kittova, Z., & Steinhauser, D. (2020). Export performance as a measurement of competitiveness. Journal of Competitiveness, 12(1), 145-160.
Sabahi, S., & Parast, M. M. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship orientation on project performance: A machine learning approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 226, 1-15.
Schentler, P., Lindner, F., & Gleich, R. (2010). Innovation performance measurement. In Innovation and international corporate growth (pp. 299-317). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Shan, P., Song, M., & Ju, X. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance: Is innovation speed a missing link? Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 683-690.
Shapero. A. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. Kent, D. Sexton, & K. Vesper (Eds.), The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship. pp. 72-90. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice Hall.
Strecker, N. (2009). Innovation Strategy and Firm Performance: An empirical study of publicly listed firms. Springer Science & Business Media.
Sung, C. S., & Park, J. Y. (2018). Sustainability orientation and entrepreneurship orientation: is there a tradeoff relationship between them? Sustainability, 10(2), 1-14.
Taouab, O., & Issor, Z. (2019). Firm performance: Definition and measurement models. European Scientific Journal, 15(1), 93-106.
Tran, T. B. H., & Vu, A. D. (2021). Effect of university-enterprise alliance orientation on university’s innovation performance and market performance: evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 1-21.
Tuten, T. L., & Urban, D. J. (2001). An expanded model of business-to-business partnership formation and success. Industrial marketing management, 30(2), 149-164.
Vij, S., & Bedi, H. S. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: A review of literature. The IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 9(3), 17-31.
Wedderburn, L. (2002). Employees, Partnership and Company Law. Industrial Law Journal, 31(2), 99-111.
Widodo, T. (2015). The effect of transformative IT capability on sustainable competitive advantage. In 2015 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 352-357). IEEE.
Winter, S. G. (2003). Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(10), 991–995
Wong, K. K. K. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques using SmartPLS. Marketing Bulletin, 24(1), 1-32.
Yaskun, M. (2021). The Role of Entrepreneurship Orientation and Market Orientation on Product Innovation and Business Performance at SMEs Restaurants in Lamongan. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 11(2), 360-365.
Yun, J. J., Park, K., Kim, J., & Yang, J. (2016). Open innovation effort, entrepreneurship orientation and their synergies onto innovation performance in SMEs of Korea. Science, Technology and Society, 21(3), 366-390.
Zehir, C., Can, E., & Karaboga, T. (2015). Linking entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: the role of differentiation strategy and innovation performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 358-367.
Zou, S., & Stan, S. (1998). The determinants of export performance: a review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997. International marketing review, 15(5), 333-356. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339810236290