Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nün Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizmasının Uluslararası Ticarete Etkileri

Bu çalışma ekonomik entegrasyonlarda küresel çatı görevi üstlenen Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nün alt birimi olan Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Organı Mekanizmasının, dünya ve seçilmiş bazı ülkelerin dış ticaretleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizmasının, Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’ne üye ülkelerce 1995 – 2018 yılları arasında kullanılmasından elde edilen veriler yarımıyla literatüre bu çalışma ile kazandırılan yeni bir açıklayıcı değişken (DISPUTE) oluşturulmuştur. Söz konusu değişken, Çekim Modeli ve Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likehood tahmincisi kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular; Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizmasının dünya ticaretini pozitif etkilediğini, yani Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nün dünya ticaretini artırmaya katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada söz konusu mekanizmanın, seçili bazı ülkelerin ve dünyanın dış ticaretine olan etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda; seçilen ülkelerin ticari partnerlerinin söz konusu mekanizmayı kullanılmalarının, bu ülkelerin ihracat ve ithalatlarını farklı yönlerde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada öne çıkan bir diğer önemli husus da Dünya Ticaret Örgütü nezdinde lobicilikle suçlanan gelişmiş ekonomilerin, partnerlerinin söz konusu mekanizmayı kullanıyor olmalarının, beklentinin aksine, genel anlamda gelişmiş ekonomilerin dış ticaretlerini olumlu yönde etkilememiş olmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anlaşmazlıkların Halli Mekanizması, Çekim Modeli, DTÖ

The Effects of Dispute Settlement Body of The World Trade Organization on International Trade

This study examines the effects of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB), a sub-unit of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that acts as a global umbrella in economic integrations, on both world trade and the foreign trade of some selected countries. This study introduces a new explanatory variable (DISPUTE) in the literature by analyzing the data from the use of the DSB by the WTO’s member countries from 1995 to 2018. This variable was modeled using the gravity model and the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator (PPML). As a result of analysis, the DSB positively affects world trade, that is, the WTO contributes to the increasing world trade. The use of this mechanism by the trade partners of the selected countries affects these countries’ exports and imports in different ways. As another important result, contrary to expectations, the use of this mechanism by the trade partners of developed economies, which have been accused of lobbying in the WTO, does not affect the foreign trade of developed economies positively.

Keywords:

Dispute Settlement Body, Gravity Model, WTO.,

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