Devrim Sonrası İran’da Siyaset: Aktörler, Stratejiler ve Gelecek

Bu makale, İran’da iktidar mücadelesi veren siyasal aktörlerin derinlikli olarak anlaşılmasını amaçlıyor. Hatemi’nin 1997’de Cumhurbaşkanı seçilmesiyle yoğunluk kazanan bu mücadelenin daha iyi anlaşılması için, 1980’lerin sonunda belirginleşen aktörlerin ve 90’larda ortaya çıkan yeni toplumsal hareketlerin analizleriyle başlamak gerekiyor. Muhafazakâr ve Reformcu gibi genel başlıkların içerisinde oluşan alt-grupları tanımlamak ve bunların iktidar mücadelesinde devreye sokabilecekleri araçları incelemek de, bu çalışma açısından önem taşıyor. Son olarak, iktidar mücadelesinin olası yönelimleri konusunda bazı mütevazı spekülasyonlar ortaya konulacak.

Politics in Post-Revolutionary Iran: Actors, Strategies and the Future

This article presents an understanding of the political universe of the actors that have been waging a power struggle in post-1979 Iran. Paying a special attention to the ever intensifying struggle since 1997 when Hatemi became the president, the article describes the political trajectories and objectives of the actors and new social movements that have been active since 1990s. Conceptualizing the main contours of contestation as Conservatives and Reformists, the article presents a theoretical framework to probe the limits and prospects of the collective and individual strategies of the two main clusters of political power in Iran. The article concludes by presenting a road map for the possible courses of action that could be chosen by Iranian political actors in the near future..

___

  • • Abrahamian, Ervand, Humeynizm: İslam Cumhuriyeti Üzerine Denemeler,. Metis Yayınları, 2002, s.109.
  • • Afshari, Ali ve H. G. Underwood , “The Student Movement’s Struggle,” Journal of Democracy 18.4 (2007) 80-94
  • • Aktaş, Cihan, Dünün Devrimcileri Bugünün Reformcuları: İran’da Siyasal, Kültürel ve Toplumsal Değişim, İstanbul, Kapı Yayınları, 2004.
  • • Boroujerdi, Mehrzad, Iranian Intellectuals and the West: Tne Tormented Triumph of Nativism. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1996.
  • • Boroumand, Ladan, “Iran’s Peculiar Election,” Journal of Democracy Volume 16, Number 4 (October 2005): 52-63
  • • Boroumand, Ladan, “The Untold Story of the Fight for Human Rights” Journal of Democracy Vol.18., No:4 (2007) 64-79
  • • Çakır, Ruşen ve F. Çalmuk,, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: Bir Dönüşüm Öyküsü. İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2001,.
  • • Ehsani, Kaveh, “Iran: The Populist Threat to Democracy” Middle East Report 241 (Winter 2006). Elektronik versiyonu için bkz., http://www.merip.org/mer/mer241/ehsani.html.
  • • Ehteshami , Anoushiravan, After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic. London and New York, Routledge, 1995
  • • Ertuğrul, Doğan, (Yazı Dizisi), “Değişen İran-3”, Radikal Gazetesi, 26 Ocak 2007.
  • • Farhi, Farideh, “Iran's “Security Outlook,” Middle East Report Online, July 9, 2007, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero070907.html.
  • • Farzin Vahdat, “Post-revolutionary Discourses of Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari and Mohsen Kadivar: Re-conciling the Terms of Mediated Subjectivity. Part II: Mohsen Kadivar” Critique 17 (Fall 2000): 135-157.
  • • Fathi, Nazila, “Blacksmith’s Son Emphasized His Modest Roots,” New York Times, 26 June 2005.
  • • Ganji, Akbar, “The struggle against sultanism,” Journal of Democracy, 16 (4), 2004, pp.38-51.
  • • Hamaney, Ali, “ABD ile husumet ebediyen sürmez.” Birgün Gazetesi, 4 Ocak 2008.
  • • Hendleman-Baayur, Liora, "Promises and Perils of Weblogistan: Online Personal Journals and the Islamic Republic of Iran," Middle East Review of International Affairs 11 (Haziran 2007). http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2007/issue2/jv11no2a6.html.
  • • Jalaeipour, Hamidreza, “Iran's Islamic Revolution: Achievements and Failures,” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 15, No:3 (Fall 2006); 207-215; 212.
  • • Karshenas, Massoud ve H. Hakimian, “Oil, Economic Diversification and the Democratic Process in Iran,” Iranian Studies, Vol. 38, No. 1, (March 2005): 67-90.
  • • Keddie, Nikki R, Modern Iran : Roots and Results of Revolution, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2003.
  • • Khosrokhavar, Farhad “Postrevolutionary Iran and The New Social Movements”, Eric Hooglund (ed.), Twenty Years of Islamic Revolution: Political and Social Transition in Iran since 1979, Syracuse, Syracuse University
  • • Maljoo, Mohammad, , “Worker Protest in the Age of Ahmadinejad,” Middle East Report (Winter 241), elektronik ortamda: http://www.merip.org/mer/mer241/maljoo.html
  • • Menashri, David, Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power. London, Frank Cass, 2001,
  • • Mir-Hosseini, Ziba, “Is Time on Iranian Women Protesters’ Side?”, June 16, 2006, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero061606.html
  • • Moslem, Mehdi, “The State and Factional Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Eric Hooglund (ed.), Twenty Years of Islamic Revolution: Political and Social Transition in Iran since 1979, Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 2002, 19,-35.
  • • Nasr, Vali, “Rise of ‘Muslim Democracy,’” Journal of Democracy 16-2 (2005): 13-27.
  • • Nasr ,Vali, “The Conservative Wave rols on,” Journal of Democracy, Vol.16, No:4 (October 2005); 9-25
  • • O’Donnel, Guillermo, P., Schmitter, ve L. Whitehead (eds.), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule (Dört cilt), Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press, 1986.
  • • Oğuz, Sami, ve R. Çakır, Hatemi’nin İran’ı. İstanbul, İletişim Yayınları, 2000
  • • Oğuz, Sami (Hazırlayan), Gülümseyen İslam: Hatemi’nin Ağzından İran’da Değişim, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2001. (Çeviren: Naila H. Nejad)
  • • Paya, Ali ve M. A. Ghaneirad, “Habermas and Iranian Intellectuals,” Iranian Studies, Vol.40, number 3, June 2007, 305-334.
  • • Potter, David, “Explaining Democratization,” in Potter, David, D. Goldblatt, M. Kiloh, P. Lewis (et al.), Democratization, Cambridge, Polity Press,
  • • Razavi-Faqih, Saeed, “Our Letter to Khatami Was a Farewell”(15 Temmuz, 2003) Middle East Report Online, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero071503.html
  • • Rueschemeyer, Dietrich , E., Stephens, ve J., Stephens, Capitalist Developmenet and Democracy, Cambridge, Polity Pres, 1992.
  • • Saeidi, Ali A., “The accountability of para-governmental organizations (bonyads): the case of Iranian foundations,” Iranian Studies, Vol. 37, No:3, (September 2004): 479-498
  • • Shekarloo, Mahsa, “Iranian Women Take On the Constitution”, Middle East Report Online (MERO), July 21, 2005, http://www.merip.org/mero/mero072105.html
  • • Sazegara, Mohsen, “What ‘we’ should do now?” Journal of Democracy Volume 16, Number 4 (October 2005):64-74.
  • • Shain, Yossi, ve J. Linz, Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
  • • Shambayati, Hootan, “A Tale of Two Mayors: Courts and Politics in Iran and Turkey” International Journal of Middle East Studies 36 (2004; 253-275).
  • • Taşkın,Yüksel, “Türkiye’de sınıfsal yeniden yapılanma, AKP ve Muhafazakar Popülizm” Birikim 204 (Nisan 2006): 16-26.
  • • Tezcür,Güneş M., T. Azadarmaki ve M. Bahar, “Religious Participation among Muslims: Iranian Exceptionalism” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Fall 2006); 217–232.
  • • Vahdat, Farzin, , “Post-revolutionary Discourses of Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari and Mohsen Kadivar: Re-conciling the Terms of Mediated Subjectivity. Part I: Mojtahed Shabestari,” Critique 16 (Spring 2000): 31-54.
  • • Volpi , Frederic, “Pseudo-democracy in the Muslim world,” Third World Quarterly 25-6 (2004): 1061–1078.