Arabizimden teritoryal kimliğe geçiş:1989 sonrası Ürdün'de kimiık politikaları ve demokratikleş(eme)me çabaları

Ürdün ve Filistin entitelerini kusatan tarihsel ve siyasal bağlar gözönüne alındığında Ürdün Hasemi Krallığı’nın barındırdığı Filistin boyutu ve demografik dengesizlik ülkedeki kimlik politikalarına sekil vermesi bakımından hayati önem tasımaktadır. Ürdün siyasi tarihi, ülkenin bir entite olarak ortaya çıkmasından itibaren Pan-Arapçı bağlılıklar ve Filistin ulusal hareketiyle çakısmıstır. Ürdün ve Filistin arasındaki bağlar belirgin olarak Ürdünlü kimliğinin insa edil(eme)mesi tartısmalarına sebebiyet vermistir. Buna bağlı olarak, Filistin-Đsrail meselesinin çözümsüzlüğü, Arap devletlerinin Filistin mücadelesine verdiği taahhüt ve Arabizimin etkisi Ürdün’deki kimlik insa sürecine hatırı sayılır ölçüde sekil vermistir. Krallığın süregelen kimlik olusum süreçleri göz önüne alındığında, ülkenin sınırları çevresinde gelisen bölgesel açmazlar, Ürdün’de yürütülen kimlik politikalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bölgesel istikrarsızlığın ülke için en önemli etkisi siyasal liberallesme politikalarından uzaklasmak olmustur. Bu çerçevede, Krallık yasal önlemler ile demokratiklesme sürecini yavaslatmıs ve “Önce Ürdün, Sonra, Arap Dünyası” teritoryal kimlik-insa girisimi ile Orta Doğu’da yasanan açmazların yarattığı iç huzursuzluğa çözüm üretme çabası içerisine girmistir.

Transition from Arabism to a territorial identity: The politics of identity and efforts of (de)Democratization of Jordan in the post-1989 era

Given the historical and political linkages that have closely bound Jordanian and Palestinian entities, the Palestinian dimension and enduring demographic imbalance in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan have become central in shaping her politics of identity. Jordanian political history as a separate entity has for the most part coincided with that of Pan-Arabist identity and Palestinian national movement. The linkage between Jordanian and Palestinian entities has, specifically, brought various debates on the un/making of Jordanian identity. Accordingly, unsettlement of the Palestinian-Israeli dispute, Arab countries’ commitments to the Palestinian problem and the impact of Arabism have all had considerable effects on Jordanian identity formation. Given the constant identity-building processes in Jordan, it’s,therefore, central to analyze the effects of regional instabilities across Jordan’s borders on the re-formulation of identity politics in the country. One of the most detrimental effects of the regional challenges on Jordan has been the retreat from the process of political liberalization. Thus, Jordan found itself to respond these external effects with two strategies: re-building Kingdom’s politics of identity through “Jordan First, Arab Second” campaign with defining Jordanian identity in territorial sense; and secondly de-liberalizing the political arena via undertaking some legal measures.

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