YENİLİK ÇIKTI VERİMLİLİĞİ VE ÜLKELERİN REKABET GÜCÜNE ETKİSİ

Son yıllarda ekonomik büyüme açısından yeniliğin önemine ilişkin çalışmalar artmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar sadece bilimsel araştırmalar seviyesinde kalmamakta aynı zamanda birçok ülkede hükümetler de işletme düzeyinde yenilik ve yeniliğe yönelik faaliyetlerin artmasına yönelik politikalar geliştirmekte, kaynak ayırmaktadırlar. Ancak yenilik faaliyetlerinin harcanan kaynaklara göre büyüme ya da uluslararası rekabet gücü açısından ne denli etkin sonuçlar verdiğine ilişkin çalışmalar, yenilik çıktılarının ölçümüne ilişkin güçlükler nedeniyle işletme ya da sektörel ölçekle sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu yayında panel stokastik sınır analizi yöntemi kullanılarak ülkelerin yenilik çıktılarının, rekabet gücü yaratma becerisi üzerindeki etkinliği ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Kırk sekiz ülkenin 2003-2015 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada yıllar içerisinde yenilik çıktılarının, rekabet gücü göstergesi olarak ele alınan ihracat ve yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı etkinliğinin arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda Singapur, Çin, Malezya, Meksika ve Almanya’nın yenilik çıktılarının ihracata katkısı açısından dünyada en etkin beş ülke olduğu görülmüştür.

ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATION OUTPUTS ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF COUNTRIES

The studies on the relationship between innovation and economic growth have an increasing interest by researchers. These studies are not only limited to the scientific research, but the increasing interest also pushed the governments to develop new policy measures to support the innovative activities by enterprises in most of the countries and the amount of resources committed devoted to these activities have been on the rise for a while. But the efficiency of these resources used for innovation on economic growth or competitiveness are measured in enterprise or industrial level and the attempts are limited to measure this efficiency in international level comparisons. In this study, the researchers tried to measure the efficiency of innovation outputs on competitiveness of nations by using panel stochastic frontier analysis methods. According to the results, it was seen that the efficiency of innovation outputs on international trade or hitechnology products’ international trade have increased over the time for forty-eight countries between 2003-2015. As a result of the empirical analysis, Singapore, China, Mexico, Malaysia and Germany have the most efficient countries in terms of exports and innovation outputs relationship.

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