Seçil ŞENEL UZUNKAYA, Serhat YÜKSEL, Hasan DİNÇER

OSMANLI EKONOMİSİNDEKİ VAKIFLARIN FİNANSAL OLAN VE OLMAYAN FONKSİYONLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

ÖZ Bu çalışma, vakıfların Osmanlı ekonomisindeki finansal ve finansal olmayan işlevlerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, vakıfların beş farklı işlevi literatür taramasına göre tanımlanmıştır. Bu duruma ek olarak, bulanık DEMATEL ve bulanık AHP yaklaşımları kullanılarak bu hedefe ulaşmaya çalışılmıştır. Bulgular, bulanık DEMATEL ve bulanık AHP yöntemlerinin farklı sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Bulanık DEMATEL'e göre, ekonomik ve finansal amacın vakıfların Osmanlı ekonomisi için en önemli işlevi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, bulanık AHP ile ilgili olarak, vakıfların eğitim işlevinin en büyük öneme sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu durum, her bir fonksiyonun diğerleri üzerinde bir etkisi olduğu düşünüldüğünde, ekonomik ve finansal fonksiyonun en yüksek öneme sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, bu işlevler arasında hiyerarşik bir etki olması durumunda, ekonomik ve finansal meseleler yerine eğitim en büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu sonuçları dikkate alarak ülkelerin para vakıflarını ekonomik sistem için alternatif bir finansal model olarak uygulamaları önerilmektedir. Bu uygulamanın yeni yatırımları teşvik etmesinden dolayı ticari faaliyetler üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu durum ülkelerin daha yüksek ekonomik kalkınma ve yaşam standartlarına sahip olmalarına katkı sağlayacaktır.

EVALUATING THE FINANCIAL AND NONFINANCIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE WAQFS IN OTTOMAN ECONOMY

This study aims to evaluate the financial and nonfinancial functions of the waqfs in Ottoman economy. Within this framework, five different functions of the waqfs are defined based on literature review. In addition to this condition, fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy AHP approaches are considered to reach this objective. The findings show that these two methods give different results. According to fuzzy DEMATEL, it is identified that economic and financial purpose is the most significant function of the waqfs for Ottoman economy. On the other side, with respect to fuzzy AHP, it is concluded that education function of the waqfs has the highest importance. This situation indicates that economic and financial function has the highest significance when each function is considered to affect others. However, in case of a hierarchical impact between these functions, education has the highest importance instead of economic and financial issues. Thus, it is recommended that countries should implement cash waqfs as an alternative financial model for economic system. This implementation has a positive influence on commercial activities by encouraging new investments. Hence, it leads to higher economic development and living standards for the countries.

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