Endüstri 4.0, Dijitalleşme ve İş Hukukunun Geleceği-Dijital Platformların Ortaya Çıkardığı Hukuki İlişkiler Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Çağımızın dördüncü sanayi devrimi de olarak adlandırılan ve ilk kez 2011 yılında Almanya Hannover Fuarı’nda kullanılan, geleneksel sanayiyi bilgisayarlaşma yönünde teşvik etme ve ileri teknoloji ile donatma projesi olan Endüstri 4.0 işçi kontrolünden makine kontrolüne geçen sistemler ile üretimin sağlanmasını öngörmektedir Dördüncü sanayi devriminin bir unsuru olarak dijitalleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği önemli dönüşüm alanlarından biri“Gig- Ekonomi” (gig economy- collaborative economy-platform economy) adı verilen hizmeti sağlayan (sunan) ve kullanıcıları bir araya getiren platformlardır. Dijital ekonominin doğumuna kaynaklık ettiği iki çalışma şekli mevcut olup bunlardan birincisine “kitle çalışma” yahut “crowdworking”; diğerine ise “aplikasyonlar aracılığıyla talep üzerine yapılan çalışmalar”- “work on demand via apps” adı verilmektedir. Günümüzde “Amazon Mechanical Turk”, “Clickworker”, “Taskrabbit”, “Uber, “Helpling” gibi platformlarda hizmet sunanların yahut iş görenlerin ve bu hizmetin sunulmasına olanak tanıyan platformun hukuki niteliklerinin tespiti iş hukukunun geleneksel kavramları çerçevesinde güçlükler arz etmektedir. İfa edilen edimin iş ilişkisinin süreklilik ve bağımlılık unsurlarının geleneksel tanımları ile bağdaşmaması bu tanımların yeniden gözden geçirilmesine yol açmakta ve işçi, işveren ve işyeri kavramlarının sınırlarını belirsizleştirerek yeni kavram arayışlarını da beraberinde getirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Endüstri 4.0, Kitle Çalışma, İşçi Benzeri, Dijitalleşme, Dijital Platformlar

Industry 4.0, Digitalization and Future of Labor Law-Evaluation in the Framework of Legal Relations Revealed by Digital Platforms

Industry 4.0, also called the fourth industrial revolution of our era and used for the first time at the Hannover Fair in Germany in 2011, envisages the production of systems with the systems that have passed from worker control to machine control as a part of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the important transformation fields brought by digitalization is the platforms that provide (offer) service and bring together users called “Gig-Economy” (gig economy-collaborative economy-platform economy). Two ways of working that led to the birth of the digital economy are "crowdworking" through digital platforms and "work on demand via apps." Currently, determining the legal qualifications of those who provide services on platforms such as "Amazon Mechanical Turk," "Clickworker," "Taskrabbit," “Uber,” and “Helpling” or those who work and the platform that allows these services to be offered presents difficulties within the framework of the traditional concepts of labor law. Failure to comply with the traditional definitions of the continuity and dependency elements of act performance leads to a revision of these definitions and then to a search for new concepts by obscuring the boundaries of the concepts of worker, employer, and workplace.

Keywords:

Industry 4.0, Crowdworking, Employee-Like, Digitalization, Digital Platforms,

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