ÇOCUK NAFAKASI VE DİĞER AİLE NAFAKA TÜRLERİNİN ULUSLARARASI TAHSİLİNE İLİŞKİN LA HAYE SÖZLEŞMESİ

Milletlerarası unsurlu nafakaya ilişkin olarak, yeni gelişmeleri dikkate alan; daha çağdaş, rasyonel çözümler getiren düzenlemeler önem kazanmış bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Lahey Uluslararası Özel Hukuk Konferansı çatısı altında, 2007 yılında, biri nafaka alacaklarının tahsiline, diğeri uygulanacak hukuka ilişkin olmak üzere iki yeni sözleşme akdedilmiştir. Bunlar: “Çocuk Nafakası ve Aileye ilişkin Diğer Nafaka Alacaklarının Milletlerarası Tahsiline İlişkin La Haye Sözleşmesi” ile “Nafaka Yükümlülüklerine Uygulanacak Hukuka İlişkin La Haye Protokolü” dür.Türkiye uygulanacak hukuka ilişkin La Haye Protokolüne taraf olmamakla birlikte; diğer La Haye Sözleşmesine 2016 yılında taraf olmuş, Sözleşme, Türkiye açısından 1 Şubat 2017 tarihinde uluslararası alanda yürürlüğe girmiştir. Keza 2007 tarihli Sözleşme, 1956 tarihli Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi de dâhil olmak üzere, tüm önceki Sözleşmelerin yerini alması maksadıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu Sözleşme, yabancı hukuklar hakkında bilgi temini, adli yardımlaşma, tanıma-tenfiz ve nafaka alacaklarının tahsili konusunda gelişen iletişim ve bilişim teknolojilerine dayanan, daha çağdaş milletlerarası nafaka sistemi kurmayı amaç edinmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin taraf olduğu 2007 tarihli La Haye Sözleşmesinin yabancı nafaka kararlarının tanınması ve tenfizi ile yabancı nafaka alacaklarının tahsilinde ne gibi yenilikler getirdiği, uygulamada beklentileri ne ölçüde karşılayacağı hususları üzerinde ayrıntılı olarak durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nafaka, La Haye sözleşmesi, nafaka alacağı, milletlerarası tahsil sistemi, tanıma-tenfiz

THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL RECOVERY OF CHILD SUPPORT AND OTHER FORMS OF FAMILY MAINTENANCE

It has become important to consider new developments and more modern, rational solutions regarding the maintenance with foreign element. In this context, two new Instruments were concluded in 2007 under the framework of The Hague Conference on Private International Law, one relating to international recovery of claims for maintenance and the other about the applicable law. These are the "Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance" and the "Hague Protocol on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations". Although Turkey is not a party to The Hague Protocol on the law applicable; it became a party to the other Hague Convention in 2016, and the Convention came into force on February 1, 2017, for Turkey in the international arena. The 2007 Convention has been prepared with the intention of replacing all the previous Conventions, including the 1956 United Nations Convention. This Convention aims to establish a more contemporary international maintenance system based on the communication and information technologies that develop in the field of information about foreign laws, judicial assistance, recognition-enforcement and the recovery of claims for maintenance. This study focused on the 2007 Hague Convention that Turkey is a party to regarding foreign maintenance decisions, the recognition and enforcement and the innovations such as the recovery of foreign claims for maintenance and what extent it will meet the expectations in detail.

Keywords:

Maintenance, The Hague Convention, claim for maintenance, the system of ınternational recovery, recognition-enforcement,

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