Ayfer Alkan TORUN, Yıldız Aka KAÇAR, Özhan ŞİMŞEK, İnci TOLAY, Pınar YARDIM, Halim ERDEM, Özlem ÇAKMAK

In vitro doku kültürü ve su kültürü koşullarında maxma 14 kiraz anacına artan dozlarda uygulanan kadmiyum'un bitki büyümesi ve kadmiyum alımına etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı in vitro doku kültürü ve su kültürü koşulları altında yürütülen denemelerde artan oranlarda uygulanan kadmiyum (Cd) konsantrasyonlarının Maxma 14 kiraz anacında Cd toksisitesi simptomlarının şiddeti, kuru madde verimi (kök ve yeşil aksam), yeşil aksamdaki ve kökteki Cd konsantrasyonu gibi parametrelere göre Cd toksisitesi ve etkilerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. In vitro doku kültürü koşulları altında yürütülen denemelerde elde edilen bitkilerden 4 ayrı altkültür oluşturulmuş ve bitkiler artan oranlarda 11 farklı Cd dozu (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 μM) uygulanarak yetiştirilmiştir. Su kültürü koşullarında yürütülen denemelerde ise bitkiler 6 farklı Cd dozu (0, 10, 50, 100, 150 ve 200 μM) uygulaması altında yetiştirilmiştir.Denemelerden elde edilen verilere göre artan dozlarda Cd uygulamasına bağlı olarak her iki büyüme ortamında da bitkilerde kuru madde miktarının azaldığı saptanmış ve kuru madde üretimindeki azalma toksisite simptomlarıyla paralellik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Her iki büyüme ortamında da 10 μM’dan sonraki Cd dozları hem simptomolojik olarak hem de verim azalması açısından kirazda toksik konsantrasyonlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Kiraz bitkisinin Cd toksisitesine karşı dayanıklılığında belirleyici olan parametrelerin Cd toksisitesi simptomlarının şiddeti ve Cd toksisitesinden dolayı bitkide meydana gelen verim kayıplarının olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçta kiraz bitkisinde Cd konsantrasyonu birikimi kök>yeşil aksam şeklinde olmuş ve genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde kadmiyum konsantrasyonunun ortalama %94-96’sının kökte birikirken ancak %4-6’sı kadarının yeşil aksama geçtiği saptanmıştır.

The effect of cadmium applied at increasing rates in cherry rootstock maxma 14 on plant growth and cadmium uptake

The aim of this study was to find out Cd toxicity and its effects in cherry rootstock Maxma grown under Cd concentrations applied at increasing rates in the experiments carried out under in vitro tissue culture and hydroponic conditions with respect to severity of cadmium (Cd) toxicity, dry matter yield (root and shoot), Cd concentration in root and shoot parameters. Four different cultures have been done using the plants obtained from the experiments carried out in vitro tissue culture and the plants were grown under different 11 Cd doses (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 μM) applied at increasing rates. The plants were grown under 6 different Cd doses (0, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM) in the experiments grown under hydroponic conditions. According to the data obtained from the experiments it was determined that the amount of dry matter in plants decreased depending on application of Cd at increasing rates and decreases in dry matter production paralleled to toxicity symptoms. Cd doses above 10 μM was determined as toxic concentrations in cherry for symptoms appearance and decreasing in dry matter under both growing media. It was determined that the parameters determining the resistance of cherry plants were severity of Cd toxicity symptoms and decreases in dry matter occured because of Cd toxicity. In conclusion, accumulation of Cd concentration in cherry plants occured as root>shoot and it was determined that mean of 4-6% of Cd concentration translocated to shoot while that of 94-96% accumulated in root in a general evaluation of the results.

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