GIS based land evaluation of the high land in East Mediterranean Region, Turkey

Arazilerin tamamı gerekli girdilerin sağlanması durumunda arzu edilen bütün amaçlar için kullanılabilir. Her bir arazi ünitesi farklı potansiyele ve sınırlamalara, her bir arazi kullanım türü ise farklı biofiziksel gereksinimlere sahiptir. Arazi değerlendirmede, belirlenen arazi karakteristiklerinin arazi kullanım türlerinin gereksinimleriyle kıyaslanması esas alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin güneyinde Mersin ili ile Tarsus ilçesi arasında yaklaşık 235 km2 bir alanda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma alanının sulu tarıma açılması planlanmaktadır. Çalışmada İLSEN programı kullanılarak, farklı arazi kullanım türleri için arazi uygunluk değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmede, narenciye, domates, pamuk ve buğday arazi kullanım türleri olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanına ait fiziksel arazi uygunluk sınıf haritalarının oluşturulmasında coğrafi bilgi sistemi (CBS) kullanılmıştır. Fiziksel arazi uygunluk sınıfları, arazi kullanım türlerinin gereksinimleriyle arazi karakteristiklerinin sayısallaştınlması ve sayısal verilerin kıyaslanmasıyla belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, arazi karakteristikleri olarak bitkisel üretimde önemli olan; üst ve alt toprak tekstürü, alt toprak strüktürü, kireç içeriği, tuzluluk, alkalilik, toprak derinliği, hidrolik iletkenlik, yüzey taşlılığı ve kayalılığı ve topoğrafık özellikler (eğim, yükseklik ve yöney) kullanılmıştır. Sosyal ve ekonomik faktörlere yer verilmemiştir. CBS'de üretilen uygunluk haritalarında, çalışma alanının %40.1'u buğday yetiştiriciliği için yüksek uygunluktadır. Tanımlanan dört arazi kullanım türü tüm alanın %54.1 ile %65.8'i ise tanımlanan arazi kullanım türlerinin tamamının yetiştiriciliği için si, s2, s3 seviyelerinde uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışma alanının yaklaşık %40'ının geleneksel yöntemlerle yapılan tarım için uygun olmadığı ve yaklaşık 10000 ha olan bu arazinin şiddetli bir şekilde arazi bozulması riski altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Coğrafi bilgi sistemi ve Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki yüksek arazilerin arazi değerlendirmesi

All lands can be used for almost all purposes if sufficient inputs are supplied. Each land unit has its own potentialities and limitations, and each land use its own biophysical requirements Land evaluation is a process of matching, based on a series of selected land qualities and comparison of them with land use requirements. The study was conducted in an area of 235 km2 between Mersin Province and Tarsus District, located in southern Turkey and planning to open irrigated agriculture. In this study, land suitability evaluation for different Land Use Types (LUT's) was determined using 1LSEN software. For this purpose of evaluation, 4 Land Use Types which were citrus, tomato, wheat and cotton were selected and geographic information system (GIS) was used to obtain physical land suitability class of maps. Physical land suitability classes were determined matching land use requirements of the LUT and the quality and characteristics of land. The adapted methodology combines land quality attributes that influence crop suitability (surface and subsurface soil texture, subsurface soil structure, hydraulic conductivity, lime content, salinity, alkalinity, effective soil depth, surface stoniness and rockiness) and topography data (slope, altitude, and slope direction). Socio-economic factors were excluded. The results showed that 40.1% of the area was highly suitable for wheat cropping and from 54.1 and 65.8% of the area which has si, s2,s3 land suitability classes was suitable for all crops. In addition, nearly 40% of the land area was marginal for conventional farming, and about 10000 ha land was in serious danger of land degradation.

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