Esma EROĞLU, Yaşare AKTAŞ ARNAS, Seval ÖRDEK İNCEOĞLU

Türkiye’de Tek Ebeveynli “Geniş” Ailelerde Yaşayan Çocukların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi

Ebeveynler arasındaki ilişkilerin bozulması, boşanma ya da ölüm gibi durumlar ailedeki rollerin yeniden yapılanmasını zorunlu kıldığı için, çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada tek ebeveynli ailelerde yaşayan çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının incelemesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Veriler tek ebeveynli ailelerde yaşayan ve yaşları 54-78 ay arasında değişen dokuz çocukla yapılan müdahalesiz etkinlikler aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Müdahalesiz etkinlikler; oyuncaklara, mesleklere ve evdeki sorumluluklara yönelik kalıp yargısal davranışları ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla çeşitli görseller ve bu görsellere ilişkin soruları içermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, annesi ile yaşayan çocukların evdeki işlere ve mesleklere yönelik tercihlerinde toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının dışına çıkabildiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, evdeki amcalar ve büyükanneler gibi sosyal rol modellerin, çocukların ev işleri ile ilgili toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarını etkileyebileceği görülmüştür. Ancak, bu etkilerin sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Buna göre hem anneleri ile birlikte hem de babaları ile birlikte yaşayan tek ebeveynli ailelerdeki çocukların tercihlerinde toplumsal cinsiyet kalıplarının etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çocukların sahip oldukları kalıp yargılar, ilgili alan yazın ve Türkiye’deki aile yapısı bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler ayrıca sunulmuştur.

Investigation of the Gender Stereotypes of Children from “Extended” Single-Parent Families in Turkey

The breakdown of relationships between parents because of divorce, separation or spousal death can affect children's gender roles, as it requires restructuring roles in the family. In Turkey, single-parent families function like extended families unlike the most West societies. Therefore, we aim to examine the gender stereotypes of children living in extended single-parent families in Turkey. We obtained the data through activities held with nine children aged 54-78 months living in “extended” single-parent families, without any intervention in their behavior on the part of the researchers. Findings revealed that living with a mother may affect children’s gender stereotypes regarding the division of household labor and occupations. Besides, social role models such as uncles and grandmothers at home may affect children’s gender stereotypes regarding the division of household labor. However, these effects are limited. Most of the children in single-parent families headed by either a mother or a father have strong gender stereotypes. Children's gender stereotypes and the related literature are discussed in the context of family structures in Turkey. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

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