Bir Görsel Dikkat İncelemesi: OSB’li ve TGG’li Çocuklarda Motor Eylemlerde Göz İzleme Araştırması

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu’ndan (OSB) etkilenmiş çocukların motor hareketlerin taklidinde OSB’ye özgü sınırlılıklar sergiledikleri sıklıkla rapor edilse de taklit yetersizliklerinin temelinde yer alan nedenler açık değildir. Güncel tartışma noktalarından biri olan Nöropsikolojik Modele göre OSB’li çocukların taklit becerilerinde sergiledikleri yetersizliklerin nedeni, taklit edilecek davranışların sergilenmesi sırasında modele yöneltilen görsel dikkatte oluşan sınırlılıklardır. Bu hipoteze dayanarak bu araştırmada göz izleme cihazı aracılıyla OSB’li çocukların motor hareketlerin sergilenmesi sırasında hareketleri sergileyen modele yönelttikleri görsel dikkatleri, tipik gelişim gösteren (TGG) akranlarının görsel dikkatleri ile karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Karşılaştırma yolu ile ilişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmaya yaşları 18 ila 36 ay arasında değişen OSB’li 40, TGG’li 44, toplamda 84 çocuk katılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları OSB’li ve TGG’li çocukların motor hareketleri izlerken yönelttikleri görsel dikkatte farklılaşmalar olduğunu göstermiştir. Görsel dikkate yönelik elde edilen bulgular TGG’li çocukların modelin Yüz bölgesine ve Hareket alanına istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla baktıklarını, Dış Alan bölgesine yöneltilen görsel dikkat bakımından ise grupların anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadıklarını göstermiştir. Katılımcı çocukların motor hareketleri izlerken sergiledikleri görsel dikkati yöneltme örüntüleri incelendiğinde ise, TGG’li çocukların görsel dikkatlerini en çok Yüz bölgesine ardından Hareket alanına en son ise Dış alana yönelttikleri görülmüştür. OSB’li çocukların ise görsel dikkatlerini en çok ilişkisiz alan olarak nitelendirilebilecek Dış alana yönelttikleri, bu bölgeyi sırayla Yüz bölgesi ve Hareket alanının izlediği saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları tartışılmış, ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.

An Examination of Visual Attention: An Eye Tracking Study on Motor Actions in Children with ASD and TD Children

Although research studies have demonstrated that children with ASD display impairments in their motor imitation skills, understanding underlying factors that can influence the imitation problems of children is complicated. Neuropsychological model, one of the current theoretical models, proposes that the visual attention of children with ASD directed towards people’s motor actions may negatively affect these children’s imitation performance. This study has been carried out based on this hypothesis to evaluate the differences of visual attention patterns of children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children via the use of eye tracking technology. A total of 84 children, 40 children with ASD and 44 children with TGG aged between 18 and 36 months participated in this study through the use of a comparative research model. A total of 84 young children aged between 18-36 months participated in the study, in that, 40 of them in the ASD group, and 44 of them in the TD group. Results of the study showed that children with ASD displayed significant differences in their eye tracking patterns when compared to TD children. Findings of the study indicated that the TD children were significantly looked more at the Face area and Movement area and there was no significant difference on the Movement area. Findings also suggested that TD children directed their visual attention first to Movement area, second to Face area and lastly to Outside area, whereas children with ASDdirected their visual attention respectively to Outside area, Face area and the Movement area. Research findings were discussed, and suggestions for future research were provided.

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