İSRAİL-AZERBAYCAN STRATEJİK ORTAKLIĞI VE TÜRKİYE-İSRAİL İLİŞKİLERİNE ETKİLERİ, 2009-2015

Türkiye-İsrail ilişkileri 2009 ve 2015 yılları arasında tarihinin en sorunlu dönemini yaşamış, bölgesel birçok krize ve bu krizlerin doğurduğu ortak strateji gereksinimine - özellikle terörizmle savaş konusunda - rağmen bu dönemde ne Ankara ne de Tel Aviv ikili sorunları çözme konusunda istekli olmuştur. Bu makale iki ülke arasındaki "ilişkisizlik statükosu" durumunu aynı dönemde şahit olunan İsrail-Azerbaycan stratejik ortaklığı üzerinden açıklamaya çalışacaktır. Kısaca, İsrail geçmişte Türkiye ile ilişkilerinden sağladığı faydaları Mavi Marmara olayının ardından Bakü ile işbirliğinden elde etme yoluna gitmiştir. Türkiye ise İsrail-Azerbaycan ilişkilerinden birtakım dolaylı ve doğrudan faydalar sağlaması sebebiyle kardeş ülke olarak gördüğü Azerbaycan ile hasmane ilişkilere sahip olduğu İsrail'in işbirliğine muhalefet etmemiştir. Türk dış politikasındaki pragmatik eğilimi yansıtan bu durum İsrail-Türkiye arasındaki sorunların çözümünü uzun bir süre ertelese de, son gelişmelerin de gösterdiği üzere, ilişkisizlik statükosunu daha fazla sürdürmek mümkün görünmemektedir

ISRAEL-AZERBAIJAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AND ITS EFFECTS ON TURKISHISRAELI RELATIONS, 2009-2015

Turkish-Israeli relations went through its most problematic period in the years between 2009 and 2015. In spite of several regional crises and the necessity for a shared strategy - especially on the war against terrorism, neither Ankara nor Tel Aviv was willing to solve their bilateral problems. This “status quo of a lack of relations” will be explained through an examination of the strategic cooperation that evolved between Israel and Azerbaijan during the same period. In short, following the Mavi Marmara incident, through its cooperation with Azerbaijan, Israel sought to derive some benefits like it had had previously with Turkey. On the other hand, Turkey did not oppose the cooperation between Azerbaijan, its brothercountry, and Israel, with whom it has unfriendly relations, because Ankara received some direct and indirect benefits through this cooperation. Although this situation, which reflects the pragmatic tendency in Turkish foreign policy, postponed the solving of the problems between Israel and Turkey for a long time, pursuing the status quo of a lack of relations seems no longer possible

___

  • Aljazeera Türk (2015). Türkiye G-20’ye Azerbaycan’ı Davet Etti, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/turkiye-g-20ye-azerbaycani-davet-etti, (04.12. 2015). Aras, Bulent (1998). “Post-Cold War Realities: Israel’s Strategy in Azerbaijan and Central Asia”, Middle East Policy, 5 (4), 68-81.
  • Auron, Yair (2003). The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide, New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Azerbaycan Dışişleri Bakanlığı (2015). Azerbaijan-Israel Relations, http://mfa.gov.az/files/file/Azerbaijan%20-%20Israel.pdf, (12.11.2015). Bishku, Michael B. (2009). “The South Caucasus Republics and Israel”, Middle Eastern Studies, 45 (2), 295-314.
  • Bourtman, Ilya (2006). “Israel and Azerbaijan’s Furtive Embrace”, Middle East Quarterly, 13 (3), 47-57.
  • Cohen, Dudi (2011). Turkey to Azerbaijan: Stand With Us Against Israel, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4127332,00.html, (08.112015). Cornell, Svante E. (2011). Azerbaijan Since Independence, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
  • Çağaptay, Soner - Alexander Murinson (2005). Good Relations Between Azerbaijan and Israel: A Model for Other Muslim States in Eurasia?, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/good-relations-betweenazerbaijan-and-israel-a-model-for-other-muslim-state, (10.11.2015).
  • Erhan, Çağrı - Ömer Kürkçüoğlu (2002). “İsrail’le İlişkiler”, iç. Baskın ORAN (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası, Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, Cilt II, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 568-579.
  • Göksel, Oğuzhan (2015). “Beyond Countering Iran: A Political Economy of Azerbaijan-Israel
  • Relations”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 42 (4), 655-675. Guzansky, Yoel (2014). “Israel’s Periphery Doctrine 2.0: The Mediterranean Plus”, Mediterranean Politics, 19 (1), 99-116. GÜSBEED, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi Cilt: 7, Sayı: 16, Yıl: 2016
  • GUEJISS, Gümüşhane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Sciences Volume: 7, Number: 16, Year: 2016
  • 114 Haaretz (2012). Israel Signs $1.6 Billion Arms Deal with Azerbaijan, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-signs-1-6-billion-arms-deal-withazerbaijan-1.414916 (16.11.2015).
  • __________ (2015a). “Israel Won’t Recognize Armenian Genocide, Says Ambassador,” 9 Ocak 2015, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.636058 (29.11.2015).
  • __________ (2015b), “Turkey’s Erdogan: Warming of Ties with Israel Would Benefit Entire Region,” 14 Aralık 2015, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.691692 (14.12.2015). Harkov, Lahav (2015). Liberman Leads Israeli Delegation Observing Azeri Election, http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Liberman-Oren-to-leadIsraeli-delegation-observing-Azeri-elections-430661, (14.11.2015)
  • Hürriyet (2015). Türkiye: İran’la Nükleer Anlaşmayı Olumlu Buluyoruz, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/turkiye-iranla-nukleer-anlasmayi-olumlu-buluyoruz28635202,
  • (14.12.2015). I-HLS (2015). Israeli Defense Industry is Facing Even More Difficult Times, http://ihls.com/2015/10/israeli-defense-industry-is-facing-even-more-difficult-times/, (13.11.2015).
  • Ignatius, David (2013). Turkey Blows Israel’s Cover for Iranian Spy Ring, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/david-ignatius-turkey-blows-israels-coverfor-iranian-spy-ring/2013/10/16/7d9c1eb2-3686-11e3-be86-6aeaa439845b_story.html,
  • (24.11.2015). In-Cyprus (2015). Cypr us-Israel-Greece Energy Meeting in January, ttp://incyprus.com/netanyahu-welcomes-anastasiades-in-israel/, (12.12.2015).
  • İsmayılov, Elnur (2013). Azerbaycan-İsrail Stratejik Ortaklığı, http://www.bilgesam.org/incele/1101/-azerbaycan-israil-stratejikortakligi/#.VlLrw_krLIU, (14.11.2015).
  • İsrail Dışişleri Bakanlığı (2009). President Shimon Peres in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan for Historic First Visit,
  • http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/pressroom/2009/pages/president_peres_visits_azerbaijan_a nd_kazakhstan_28_jun_2009.aspx, (14.11.2015).
  • Jaffe, Maayan (2014). Azerbaijan-Israel Relationship is Glimmer of Hope, Model for Muslim-Jewish Peace, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/222501- azerbaijan-israel-relationship-is-glimmer-of-hope-model, (16.11.2015).
  • GÜSBEED, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi Cilt: 7, Sayı: 16, Yıl: 2016
  • GUEJISS, Gümüşhane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Sciences Volume: 7, Number: 16, Year: 2016
  • __________ (2015). A Covert but Strategic Relationship, http://www.jewishpress.com/indepth/analysis/azerbaijan-israel-a-covert-but-strategicrelationship/2015/09/17/, (14.11.2015).
  • Karahasan, Sefa (2011). İsrail’in Kanatları Altında Sondaj, http://www.milliyet.com.tr/israil-in-kanatlari-altindasondaj/gundem/gundemdetay/20.09.2011/1440581/default.htm, (12.12.2015).
  • Keinon, Herb (2013). Netanyahu Apologizes to Turkey over Gaza Flotilla, http://www.jpost.com/International/Obama-Netanyahu-Erdogan-speak-by-phone307423, (05.112015).
  • Kirişçi, Kemal - Dan Arbell - Sylvia Tiryaki - Nimrod Goren (2015). Strained Alliances: Israel, Turkey, and the United States, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2015/03/23-israelturkey/20150323_turkey_israel_transcript.pdf, (01.11.2015).
  • Lındenstrauss, Gallia (2015). “Israel-Azerbaijan: Despite the Constraints, A Special Relations
  • GÜSBEED, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi Cilt: 7, Sayı: 16, Yıl: 2016
  • GUEJISS, Gümüşhane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Sciences Volume: 7, Number: 16, Year: 2016
  • 116 NPR (2012). Do Israeli-Azeri Ties Portend Conflict with Iran?, http://www.npr.org/2012/04/01/149761957/do-israeli-azeri-ties-portend-conflict-withiran, (16.11.2015).
  • Oran, Baskın (2013). “Ermenistan ve Ermeni Politikasi”, iç. Baskın ORAN (Ed.), Türk Dış Politikası, Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar, Cilt III, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 163-193.
  • Perry, Mark (2012). Israel’s Secret Staging Ground, http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/03/28/israels-secret-staging-ground/, (16.11.2015). Ravid, Barak (2015). Foreign Ministry Director Responds to Erdogan: Israel Seeks Stable Relations with Turkey, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.691795, (14.12.2015).
  • Reuters (2012). Iran Summons Azeri Envoy Over Scientist Killing, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-azerbaijan-idUSTRE81B0OS20120212, (14.11.2015).
  • __________ (2015). Israel and Turkey Reach Preliminary Deal to Restore Ties – Israeli
  • Official, http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-israel-turkey-idUKKBN0U02N120151217, (17.12.2015).
  • Reynolds, James (2012). Why Azerbaijan is Closer to Israel than Iran, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19063885, (30.11.2015).
  • SIPRI (2014). Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2013,
  • http://books.sipri.org/files/FS/SIPRIFS1403.pdf, (21.1.2016).
  • Solomon, Ariel Ben (2015). ‘To Walk in an Islamic Country and Feel Safe Like I was in Tel Aviv was Amazing’, http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-AndDiplomacy/Likud-MK-Hazan-visits-Azerbaijan-to-strengthen-relations-416726,
  • (06.11.2015). Souleimanov, Emil - Maya Ehrmann - Huseyn Aliyev (2014). “Focused on Iran? Exploring the Rationale Behind the Strategic Relationship Between Azerbaijan and Israel”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 14 (4), 471-488.
  • Telegraph (2012). Azerbaijan Arrests ’22 Iranian Spies’, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/azerbaijan/9144424/Azerbaij an-arrests-22-Iranian-spies.html, (14.11.2015).
  • Wikileaks (2009). Azerbaijan’s Discreet Symbiosis with Israel, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BAKU20_a.html, (08.11.2015).
  • GÜSBEED, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi Cilt: 7, Sayı: 16, Yıl: 2016
  • GUEJISS, Gümüşhane University Electronic Journal of The Institute of Social Sciences Volume: 7, Number: 16, Year: 2016 117
  • __________ (2010). Azerbaijani President to U/S Burns: “You Can’t Boil Two Heads in One Pot”, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/10BAKU134_a.html, (04.12.2015).
  • Willmer, Tanya - Fulya Özerkan (2015). Steinitz Laments ‘Unfortunate’ Result as AKP Wıns Turkey Election, http://www.timesofisrael.com/steinitz-laments-unfortunateresult-as-akp-wins-turkey-election/, (05.11.2015).
  • Yılmaz, Türel (2001). Türkiye-İsrail Yakınlaşması, Ankara: İmaj Yayıncılık. Zanotti, Jim (2015). Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41368.pdf, (13.10.2015).
  • Zeiger, Asher (2013). Israel, Greece, Cyprus Sign Energy and Water Deal, http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-greece-cyprus-sign-energy-and-water-deal/, (12.12.2015).