HİNDİSTAN’IN BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NE DAİMİ ÜYELİK YOLUNDA GİRİŞİMLERİ VE KARŞILAŞTIĞI ENGELLER

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası konjonktürde kurulmuş Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'ndeki (BMGK) mevcut güç dağılımı günümüz dengelerini yansıtmaktan uzak olduğundan, BMGK reformu Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemin en çok dile gelen konularından biri olagelmiştir. Sunulan çeşitli önerilere rağmen BMGK reform süreci bir şekilde sekteye uğramış ya da uğratılmıştır. Bu makalede savunulan, BMGK reformu önündeki en büyük engellerden birinin BMGK'nın 5 daimi üyesine tanınmış veto hakkı olduğudur. Mevcut daimi üyeler kendilerine tanınmış bu hakkın sınırlandırılmasını istememekte, dolayısıyla BMGK reformu yönünde yapılan önerilerin hayata geçmesine engel olmaktadırlar. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan bu yana uluslararası ortamda gücünü ve etkinliğini arttıran ülkelerden biri kuşkusuz Hindistan olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı BMGK'ye daimi üyelik yolunda hem en istekli hem de potansiyeli en yüksek ülkelerden biri olan Hindistan'ın üyelik konusunda attığı adımların ve karşılaştığı engellerin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu doğrultuda, Hindistan'ın yaşadığı deneyimlerden yola çıkarak, daimi üyeliği elde edebilmek için ne gibi stratejiler izlemesi gerektiği konusunda bir taslak oluşturulması amaçlanmaktadır

INDIA’S EFFORTS TOWARDS THE UNSC PERMANENT MEMBERSHIP AND POTENTIAL OBSTACLES

As the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is established following the Second World War, it is away from representing contemporary power concepts. Therefore, reforming the UNSC is one of the voiced issues in the post-Cold war era. This article contends that the most significant obstacle to UNSC reform is the veto right of the existing 5 permanent members. As they do not wish to surrender or subdue their power, they have obstructed any proposal regarding the UNSC reform. Since the end of the Second World War, India has gradually increased its political and economic weight in the international scene. In that regard, this article intends to evaluate India’s attempts to secure permanent membership and obstacles that India have faced. Based on experiences that India has gained, it is aimed to create an outline of the strategies that India should follow to gain a permanent UNSC member seat

PDF

___

BBC Türkçe (2014), Suriye: Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’ne sevke veto, 22 Mayıs. http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2014/05/140522_suriye_veto , (25.07.2016).
Choedon, Yeshi (2007), ‘‘India’s Perspective on the UN Security Council Reform.’’ India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, 63(4): 14-48.
Çolakoğlu, Selçuk (2016), ‘‘ Türk- Japon İlişkilerinde Çok Boyutlu İşbirliğine Doğru.’’ Uluslararassı Stratejik Araştırmalar Kurumu, 3 Mart. http://www.usak.org.tr/tr/kose-yazilari/turk-japoniliskilerinde-cok-boyutlu-isbirligine-dogru , (25.07.2016).
Dinçer, Bünyamin (2016), ‘‘Birleşmiş Milletler’in Reform İhtiyacı.’’ Journal of Business Economics and Political Science, Nisan, 5(9): 119-142.
Ersoy, Ömer (2013), ‘‘Güvenilir Bir Konsey Arayışı’’, Stratejik Düşünce Enstitüsü, 19 Eylül. http://www.sde.org.tr/tr/newsdetail/-guvenilir-bir-konsey-arayisi/3488 , (25.07.2016).
Global Firepower (2016), http://www.globalfirepower.com/ , (11.3.2016).
Hashmi, Shah Rukh (2016), ‘‘India’s Bid For UN Security Council And Overlooking Kashmir – Analysis’’, Eurasia Review, 1 Şubat. http://www.eurasiareview.com/01022016-indias-bid-forun-security-council-and-overlooking-kashmir-analysis/, (15.03.2016).
Jabeen, Mussarat (2010), ‘‘Indian Aspiration of Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council and American Stance.’’ A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 25 (2): 273-253.
Kupchan, Charles (2012), No One’s World, The West, The Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 182-205.
Mishra, Manoj, Kumar (2006), ‘‘India’s Permanent Membership of the U.N. Security Council: Changing Power Realities and Notions of Security.’’ The Indian Journal of Political Science, 67(2): 343-354.
Mukherjee, Rohan-Malone, David M. (2013), ‘‘India and the UN Security Council: An Ambiguous Tale.’’Economic& Political WEEKLY, 48(29): 110-117.
Permanent Mission of India to the UN, India and UN Reforms, https://www.pminewyork.org/pages.php?id=1991, (3.2.2015)
Permanent Mission of India to the UN, India and United Nations Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding,https://www.pminewyork.org/pages.php?id=1985, (9.2.2015).
Permanent Mission of India to the UN (2016), Statement by Ambassador Syed Akbaruddin, 22 Şubat, https://www.pminewyork.org/pages.php?id=2381 , (25.07.2016).
Rajghatta, Chidanand (2015), ‘‘India doesn’t deserve permanent UNSC seat.’’, The Times of India, 14 Şubat. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/India-doesnt-deserve-permanentUNSC-seat/articleshow/46240232.cms, (16.2.2015).
Sputnik Türkiye (2015), BMGK Reformu Kaçınılmaz Ama Şimdi Değil, 5 Ekim. http://tr.sputniknews.com/rusya/20150925/1017970100.html (14.03.2016).
The BRICS Post (2015), ‘‘UNSC agenda about us without us’’: South African FM, 8 Haziran. http://thebricspost.com/unsc-agenda-about-us-without-us-southafrican-fm/#.V5hnEmuhqkp , (25.07.2016).
The BRICS Post (2016), Don’t wait for cataclysmic crisis to foster reforms: India tells UNSC, 16 Şubat. http://thebricspost.com/dont-wait-for-cataclysmic-crisis-to-foster-reforms-india-tellsunsc/#.V5hi-Guhqkp , (25.07.2016).
The Hindu (2014), Swaraj discusses U.N. Security Council reform with counterparts, 26 Eylül. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/swaraj-discusses-un-security-council-reform-withcounterparts/article6448833.ece (16.2.2015).
The Indian Express (2015), UN security council: ‘US supports India’s bid for permanent membership’ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/un-securitycouncil-us-supports-indias-bid-for-permanent-membership/ , (15.03.2016).
The Indian News (2011), IBSA calls for urgent UNSC reforms to expand permanent members , 8 Mart. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/ibsa-calls-for-urgent-unsc-reformsto-expand-permanent-members_100511671.html (16.2.2015)
The Times of India (2015), US backs India’s bid for permanent UNSC seat, 23 Eylül. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/US-backs-Indias-bid-for-permanent-UNSCseat/articleshow/49070349.cms , (25.07.2016).
The White House (2015), Statements by President Obama and Prime Minister Modi of the Republic of India. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/25/statements-presidentobama-and-prime-minister-modi-republic-india (15.03.2016).
The World Bank (2016), GDP ranking, PPP based. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/gdp-pppbased-table , (27.07.2016).
The World Bank (2016), Population Ranking. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/populationranking-table , (27.07.2016).
United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Current Members. http://www.un.org/en/sc/members/, (25.07.2016).
United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/faq.shtml , (4.2.2015).
United Nations Security Council (UNSC), Search Membership by Country.http://www.un.org/en/sc/inc/searchres_sc_members_english.asp?sc_members=56 , (4.2.2015).
Ward, Adam-Hackett, James (2005), ‘‘Reforming the UN Security Council: Enlargement and efficiency.’’ IISS Strategic Comments, 11(4): 1-2.
Weiss, Thomasg (2003), ‘‘The illusion of UN Security Council Reform.’’ The Washington Quarterly, 26(4): 147-161.