Göçmen Kaçakçılığı Kuramlarında Çok Boyutlu Yaklaşımların Gerekliliği

İstek, ihtiyaç ve arzuları geçmişte birçok kez insanı göçe sevk etmiştir. Bu durum günümüzde de geçerliliğini korumaktadır. Diğer yandan son zamanlarda insan hareketliliklerinin çeşitlerinde daha önce görülmemiş belirgin artışlar gözlenmektedir. Bu çeşitliliğin neden olduğu sınıflandırma ve kavramsallaştırma karmaşası, göç konusunu toplumsal bilimlerin tartışmalı bir sahası hâline getirmektedir. Bazı durumlarda bir kuramın önermeleri diğerini geçersiz kılarken çoğu durumda birbirlerinin tamamlayıcısı olabilmektedir. Bu yüzden göç ve göçmen kaçakçılığı sorununa ilişkin son zamanlarda yapılan kuramsal çalışmalar sıklıkla çok boyutlu bir yaklaşımın benimsenmesi gerektiği üzerinde durmaktadırlar. Sosyal ağların insan hareketlilikleri üzerindeki önemine işaret edilse de çok boyutlu çalışmalarda esasen bilişim ağlarındaki gelişmelerle kişiler arası sosyal ağlar arasındaki etkileşim üzerinde yeterince durulmamaktadır. Göçmen kaçakçılığı kuramlarında çok boyutlu yaklaşımların önemi ve gerekliliğini vurgulayan bu çalışmada, ağ algoritmalarının eşleşmesi olarak adlandırılan sürecin sağladığı ölçülebilirliğin birbirlerine eleştirel gözle bakan bu çok yönlü ve iki kutuplu yaklaşımlar arasında bir yakınsama sağlayarak deneysel araştırmaların yapılmasına katkıda bulunacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göçmen kaçakçılığı, çok boyutlu yaklaşımlar, ağ algoritmalarının eşleşmesi, yapılaşma kuramı

The Necessity of Multidimensional Approaches in Migrant Smuggling Theories

Wishes, needs and desires have led people to emigrate many times in the past. This situation is still valid today. On the other hand, recently, there are significant increases in the types of human mobility that have not been seen before. Typological and terminological complexity caused by this diversity makes migration studies a challenging field for the social sciences. The propositions of one theory may preclude another in some cases. But,they can be complementary in most cases. Therefore, recent theoretical studies on migration and migrant smuggling issues often suggest that a multi-dimensional approach should be adopted. Although the importance of social networks on human mobility is pointed out in multi-dimensional studies, they do not adequately focus on the interaction between social networks and developments in information networks. In this study, which emphasizes the importance and necessity of multidimensional approaches in migrant smuggling theories, it is predicted that the measurability provided by the process called interlocking network algorithms will contribute to the conducting of experimental studies by providing a convergence between these multi-dimensional and bipolar approaches that cast critical eye on each other.

Keywords:

Migrant smuggling, Multi-dimensional approaches, interlocking network algorithms, structuration theory,

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