Mahkemelerde İnsan Ticareti: Mağdur Haklarının Önemi ve Korunması

"4P" paradigması – Temel olarak Uluslararası Çerçevede önleme, koruma, kovuşturma ve ortaklık - insan kaçakçılığı ve modern köleliğe karşı mücadelede görevlerini görmektedir. Kuruluşlar her zaman ortaklık içinde faaliyet göstermezler ki bu insan ticareti ile mücadele stratejilerinde çok büyük bir boşluktur, koruma ve kovuşturma birbirine bağlı direklerdir. Biri diğeri için başarılı olma olasılığını artırır. Bu nedenle mağdurun korunması, insan kaçakçılığı davalarının kovuşturulmasının, kanıt toplama açısından yakından ilgilidir. Mağdurolojik araştırmalara dayanan bu makale, İnsan Ticareti mağdurlarına destek ile birlikte Uluslararası koruma alanlarındaki ,bölgesel ve, hukuki okuyucuların dikkatine sunmaktadır. Mağdurların hakları ve Koruma programlarının kökenlerini de gözden geçirmektedir. Mağdurların korunması ve haklarının güvence altına alınması koşulu ile mağdurların kimlik tespiti ve ceza adaleti sistemiyle işbirliği - raporlama, kanıt sağlama ve davaları takip etme - arasındaki bağlantıyı ayrıntılı olarak açıklamaktadır. Son olarak, insan ticareti mağdurlarına daha fazla koruma sağlandığını, davaların cezai kovuşturulmasında işbirliği yaptıklarını, davaların çözümlerini arttırdığını, insan tacirlerini açığa çıkarıldığını, insan kaçakçılığı ağlarını ortadan kaldırdığını ve mahkûmiyet olasılığını arttırdığını göstermektedir. Mağdur işbirliklerinin, insan ticaretini kovuşturmak, mücadele edilmesinden en önemli yapı taşlarından birisini oluşturmaktadır. İşbirliğinin yalnızca; yeterli destek ve koruma sağlanmasıyla daha da geliştirilebilineceği makalemizin ana temasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

koruma, mağdurun desteği, kovuşturma, mahkeme kararları, kanıt, mağdurun mahkemeye katılımı

Human Trafficking in The Courts: The Importance of Victim’s Rights And Protection

The "4P" paradigm – prevention, protection, prosecution and partnership – serves as the fundamental international framework to counter human trafficking and modern slavery. While organizations not always operate in partnership, which is a tremendous gap in counter-trafficking strategies, protection and prosecution are interdependent pillars. One enhances the likelihood of the other to be successful. Therefore, victim’s protection is of outmost relevance to evidence collection and effectiveness of prosecution of human trafficking cases. Based on victimological research, this paper briefly reviews the origins of victims’ rights and protection programs while bringing to the reader’s attention, relevant international, regional and national (Turkish) documents and law in the fields of victim’s support and protection to victims of human trafficking. It further elaborates on the connection between victim’s identification and cooperation with the criminal justice system – reporting, providing evidence and following court cases – provided that victims are protected and have their rights guaranteed. Finally, it demonstrates that the further protection is granted to human trafficking victims, the more they collaborate with criminal prosecution of cases, enhancing likelihood of convictions and solution of cases, revealing traffickers and dismantling human trafficking networks. It is at the core of this paper to demonstrate that victims’ collaboration is key for prosecuting and countering human trafficking, highlighting that collaboration might only be enhanced through provision of adequate support and protection.

Keywords:

protection, victim's support, prosecution, court cases, evidence, victim’s participation in court,

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