Dünya Çapında İnsan Ticareti Karşıtı Politika ve Uygulamalar

İnsan ticareti konusu yeni bir olgu olmamasına rağmen son yıllarda büyük bir ilgi görmüştür. Giderek artan sayıda devlet, özellikle Sınıraşan Örgütlü Suçlara Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi’ne ek olan 2000 tarihli Başta Kadın ve Çocuk Ticareti Olmak Üzere İnsan Ticaretinin Önlenmesi, Durdurulması ve Cezalandırılması Hakkında Protokol’ün kabul edilmesinden bu yana insan ticaretine yönelik siyasi ve yasal yanıtlar geliştirmeyi taahhüt etmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ulusal hükümetlerin insan ticareti mağdurları ve suçlularını tespit ve raporlamaya dönük farklı politika ve uygulamaları uluslararası insan ticareti ile mücadele araçlarının etkinliğini zayıflatmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, insan ticareti konusunda kapsamlı veri eksikliği, insan ticareti mağdur ve suçlularını belirleme ve tanımlamada farklılaşan standartlar, insan ticareti mağdurlarına yetersiz yardım ve koruma sağlanmasının yanı sıra insan tacirlerinin yetersiz cezalandırılması gibi çeşitli problemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. İnsan ticareti hususunda varolan eksikliklerden yola çıkan bu çalışma, insan ticaretinin önlenmesine yönelik uluslararası işbirliği sürecini açıklamayı, uluslararası insan ticareti ile mücadele araçlarının uygulanmasında ortaya çıkan sorunları araştırmayı ve insan ticareti ile mücadeleye dönük kapasite geliştirmeye ihtiyacı olan devletlere öneride bulunmak için başarılı insan ticareti karşıtı politika ve uygulamaları vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan ticareti, insan ticareti ile mücadele, uluslararası işbirliği, kapasite-geliştirme

Anti-Trafficking Policy and Practices Around the World

Although the issue of human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, it has received considerable attention in recent years. A growing number of states have committed to develop legal and policy responses to the issue of human trafficking particularly since the adoption of the 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. Yet, different anti-trafficking policy and practices of national governments to detect and report on trafficking victims and offenders undermine the efficiency of the international anti-trafficking instruments. As a result, several problems arise such as the lack of comprehensive data on human trafficking, varying standards in detecting and identifying trafficking victims and offenders across countries, inadequate provision of assistance and protection to trafficking victims as well as insufficient prosecution of traffickers. Motivated by these concerns around the issue of human trafficking, this paper seeks to explain the process of international cooperation to prevent trafficking in persons, explore challenges in implementing the international anti-trafficking instruments, and highlight successful anti-trafficking policy and practices in order to make suggestions for states in need of anti-trafficking capacity building.

Keywords:

Trafficking in persons, anti-trafficking, international cooperation, capacity-building,

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