Gıda Endüstrisinde Nanoteknolojinin Kullanılması ve Güvenlik Sorunu

Nanoteknoloji birçok alandaki uygulamalarından dolayı yüksek bir potansiyele sahip bir alandır. . Nanoteknolojik araştırma ve uygulamalar için yapılan yatırımlar günden güne artmaktadır. Bu artış, aynı zamanda toplumda güvenlik konusunda endişelere de neden olmaktadır. Nanomateryaller (NM) küçük boyutları nedeniyle benzersiz fizikokimyasal özelliklere sahiptir. Nanoteknoloji tıptan çevresel bilimlere kadar birçok alanda uygulanmaktadır Ancak, NM’lerin gıda endüstrisinde kullanılma risk algısı, diğer alanlardan farklıdır. Gıdanın üretilmesinden paketlenip, tüketiciye ulaştırılmasına kadar çeşitli uygulama alanlarında kullanabileceği öngörülmektedir. NM’leri teknolojik olarak avantajlı kılan özellikler aynı zamanda onları insan sağlığı ve çevre için sorun haline de getirmektedir. Nanotoksikoloji bilim alanı toksikolojinin bir alt dalı olarak bu sorunların gerçekleşme olasılığını ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Doğru, güvenilir ve karşılaştırılabilir bir toksisite tayini için NM’lerin karakterizasyonu ve organizmadaki kinetiği hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olunmalıdır. NM’lerin toksisite tayininde kullanılan metotların çoğu kimyasal toksikoloji için kullanılan klasik toksisite metotlardır. NM’lerin toksisite tayini için kullanılması yeterli değildir ayrıca sorunlara neden olmaktadır. NM’lerin toksisiteleri in vitro ve hayvan deneyleri ile gösterilmiştir ancak toksisite/güvenliklerini kanıtlamak için yapılan çalışmalarda karşılaşılan sorunlardan dolayı daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Şu ana kadar nanoteknoloji için uygulamaya konulmuş bir yönetmelik yoktur. Gelişen yeni teknolojileri değerlendirmek, topluma sunduğu olanaklardan yararlanmalıyız ancak teknolojiyi uygulamadan önce yasalarla insan sağlığı ve çevreyi korumaya yönelik sınırlarını belirlemeliyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

; Nanoteknoloji, gıda, toksisite

Nanotechnology in Food Industry and Safety Issue (Turkish with English Abstract)

Nanotechnology has a high potential for applications in many fields. Investments in nanotechnology research and applications are increasing day by day. This increase leads concerns about safety. Due to the small size, Nanomaterials (NMs) have unique physicochemical properties. Nanotechnology has many applications from medicine to environmental sciences. However, public perception for nanotechnology in food industry is different from the other industries. NMs are expected to be used in different applications in the food industry, from production, packing to the consumer nutrition. The same properties making NMs so advantageous can make them problem to human health and environment. Nanotoxicology as a sub-branch of toxicology aims to reveal the likelihood of these problems. There should be detailed information on the characterization and kinetics of the NMs in the organismfor accurate, reliable and comparable toxicity assessment. Most of the methods used for toxicity assessment are classical toxicity assay used for chemical toxicology. However, while it is not enough to use these assays, they also cause problems. NMs have been shown to produce mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity in vitro, in vivo and in the animal experiments. However there is still a need for further studies that conclusively establish their safety/toxicity, due to the many experimental challenges and issues encountered. Up to now, there are no specific regulations on nanotechnology. Although the emerging technologies and their opportunities are desirable to be implemented into daily life, before their applications, regulations should be defined to protect human health and environment.

Keywords:

Nanotechnology, food, toxicity,

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