Selim BAŞAR, Gökalp N. SELÇUK, Hayati AKSU

Kamu Kesi Yolsuzluklarının Nedenleri

Kamu kesimi yolsuzlukları gelişmiş gelişmemiş tüm ülkelerde ortaya çıkan bir sorundur. Bu sorun özellikle soğuk savaş sonrası daha fazla ilgi çekmeye başlamıştır. Yolsuzlukların giderilmesi ancak nedenlerinin ortaya konulması ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmada da, kamu kesimi yolsuzluklarının çeşitli ekonomik ve sosyal nedenleri araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla önce yolsuzluk kavramı ve yolsuzluk çeşitleri üzerinde durulmakta ve yolsuzlukların ölçülmesi ile ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Daha sonra yolsuzlukların sosyokültürel nedenleri ile iktisadi nedenleri ilgili olarak literatürde yapılan çalışmalar ve tartışmalar özetlenmektedir. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında ise gelişmiş, gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş 43 ülke için kesit veriler ile bir regresyon tahmini yapılmıştır. Tahmin edilen regresyon sonuçlarına göre, kişi başına reel gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıla, ülkelerin dışa açıklığı, kamu kesimi ücret düzeyi, siyasal ve bürokratik yapının hacmi, siyasal ve bürokratik yapının hesap verebilirliği ile ele alınan ülkelerdeki Protestan nüfusun oranı yolsuzluk düzeyini belirleyen önemli faktörler olarak görülmüştür. Buna karşılık ülkelerdeki etnik çeşitlilik ile hukuk geleneğinin orijininin yolsuzluklar üzerindeki etkisinin ise belirsiz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

The Causes of Politic and Bureaucratic Corruption

Politic and bureaucratic corruption is a big and continuing matter for both developed and less developed countries. Increasing attention is given to this matter especially after the cold war. Combating corruption can only be made by assessing its causes. In this study, socio-cultural and economic causes of politic and bureaucratic corruption are investigated. For this purpose, description and kinds of corruption are emphasized, and the studies about measuring of corruption are mentioned. Hereafter; some studies and discussions about socio-cultural and economic causes of corruption are summarized. In the empirical context, cross-country regressions applied for 43 developed, developing and less developed countries. According to the regression results, real gross domestic product per capita, openness to trade, government wage level, voice and accountability of politic and bureaucratic structure and percent of protestant population are effective factors on corruption level. The effects of ethnic heterogeneity and law traditions of the countries are ambiguous.

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