Gaye BAYCIK, Orhan Ersun CİVAN, Hazal TOLU YILMAZ, Berrin BOSNA

PLATFORM ÇALIŞANLARINI YASAL GÜVENCEYE KAVUŞTURMAK: SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ(*)

Platform ekonomisi, bireylerin dijital platformlar aracılığıyla ücretli veya ücretsiz olarak mal, tecrübe ya da hizmetlerini paylaşımı temeline dayanan bir sistemdir. Ücret karşılığı işin görüldüğü dijital platformlar, hem geleceğin çalışma biçimini şekillendirme, hem iş hukukunun gelişimini etkileme potansiyeline sahiptir. Şimdiden Yabancı ülke mahkeme kararlarına, dijital platformlar üzerinden iş gören kişilerin hukuki statüsü konusundaki uyuşmazlıklar yansımaya başlamıştır. Farklı yönde mahkeme kararları ve öğreti görüşleri bulunmaktaysa da, dijital platformlar kanalıyla çalışan ve ekonomik bağımlılık altında bulunan kişilerin sosyal açıdan korunma ihtiyacı duyduğu açıktır. Çözüm olarak farklı çalışan statülerinin tanımlanması düşünülebilecekse de, işçi ve bağımsız çalışan kategorilerinin yanında yeni bir çalışan statüsü oluşturmak hukuk sistemimiz açısından uygun görünmemektedir. Dolayısıyla dijital platformlar üzerinden iş gören ve belli kriterleri taşıyan kişilerin işçi sayılması, en uygun seçenek olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak bu durum İş Kanunu, Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu ile İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanununda da dijital platform tabanlı iş ilişkisine özgü değişiklikler yapılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. İşbu makalenin hazırlanmasında 120K619 No’lu projeye maddi destek sağlayan TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz.

PROVIDING LEGAL ASSURANCE FOR PLATFORM WORKERS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Platform economy is a system based on sharing goods, experiences, or services for free or a fee by individuals through digital platforms. Digital platforms where work performed for remuneration, have a potential to shape the future of work and to influence the development of labour law. Already, disputes over the legal status of people who work through digital platforms have begun to be reflected in foreign court decisions. Although there are court decisions and doctrine opinions in different directions, it is clear that people who work through digital platforms and are under economic dependence need social protection. Even if defining different worker status can be considered as a solution, creating a new worker status next to the categories of employees and self-employed does not seem appropriate according to our legal system. Therefore, accepting people who work on digital platforms and have certain criteria as employee is considered the most proper option. However, this requires amendments to the Labour Law, Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law and the Occupational Health and Safety Law specific to the digital platform-based employment relationship. We appreciate the financial support of TUBITAK to the project No:120K619 in the preparation of this article

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