HAVING A DIGNIFIED CONFLICT UNDER DRONE WARFARE, WHAT TO DO?(*)

The development of automated and autonomous weapons is one of the main subject-matters in the agenda of the future of conflict law as well as technology. Human Rights Watch suggests that the use of autonomous systems without human control will infringe human dignity; therefore, they should be banned. In contrast, the need for a degree of autonomy on the battlefield is justified by various practical and moral reasons. This paper argues that in order to assess their legal and ethical values, we should first distinguish the essentials of drones, automated and autonomous weapon systems and their respective problematic features. To avoid the moral ambiguity in this context, it deals with the justification of self-defense in the Kantian ethics along with human dignity.

DRONE SAVAŞLARI DÖNEMİNDE ONURLU BİR ÇATIŞMA YÜRÜTMEK, NE YAPILMALI?

Otomatik ve otonom silahların geliştirilmesi, teknolojinin olduğu kadar çatışmalar hukukunun geleceğini oluşturan gündemde en önemli konulardan birisidir. Human Rights Watch insan kontrolü olmadan otonom sistemlerin kullanılmasının insan onuruna aykırı olacağını, dolayısıyla yasaklanmaları gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Buna karşın, savaş alanında belli bir dereceye kadar otonomi gereksinimi çeşitli pratik ve ahlaki sebeplerle gerekçelendirilmektedir. Bu makale, haklarında hukuki ve etik değerlendirme yapabilmemiz için önce dronelar, otomatik ve otonom silah sistemlerinin taşıdıkları özellikler arasında ayrım yapmamız ve buna göre oluşacak ilgili sorunları ayrıştırmamız gerektiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda oluşacak ahlaki belirsizliği aşabilmek için de Kant etiği çerçevesinde insan onuru kavramı yanında meşru savunmanın gerekçelendirilmesini incelemektedir.

PDF

___

BIRNBACHER Dieter, “Are autonomous weapons systems a threat to human dignity?”, Autonomous Weapon System: Law, Ehics, Policy, ed. BHUTA Nehal C. et al., Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 108-112

BOOTHBY William H., Conflict Law: The Influence of New Weapons Technology, Human Rights and Emerging Actors, Asser Press, 2014

FRANKLIN Michael, Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles: Opportunities for the Guided Weapons Industry?, Military Sciences Department Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, 2008

HERMAN Barbara, “Murder and Mayhem: Violence and Kantian Casuistry”, The Monist, vol. 72, no. 3, 1989, pp. 411-431, www.jstor.org/stable/27903148 (Accessed 17 Aug 2020)

HEYNS Christof, “Autonomous weapons systems: living a dignified life and dying a dignified death”, Autonomous Weapon System: Law, Ehics, Policy, ed. BHUTA Nehal C. et al., Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 3-19.

Human Rights Watch, Heed the Call: Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots, 2018

KANELLAKIS Christoforos / NIKOLAKOPOULOS George, Survey on Computer Vision for UAVs: Current Developments and Trends, Springer, 2017

KANT Immanuel, Ahlâk Metafiziğinin Temellendirilmesi (Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten), (tr. İoanna Kuçuradi), Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu, Ankara, 2018

KANT Immanuel, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, (tr. Allen Wood), Yale University Press, 2002

KERSNAR Stephen, “Autonomous Weapons Pose No Moral Problem”, Killing by remote control: The Ethics of an Unmanned Military, ed. Bradley Jay Strawser, Oxford University Press, 2013

KIPKE Roland / GÜNDÜZ Eray, “İnsan Onurunun Felsefi Boyutları - En Üst Anayasal İlkenin Temelleri Ü

LIN, Patrick, “Ethical Blowback from Emerging Technologies”, Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 2010, pp. 328-346

MANJIKIAN, Mary, A Typology of Arguments About Drone Ethics, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2017,

www.jstor.org/stable/resrep11357. (Accessed 11 Sept. 2020)

POP Ariadna, Autonomous weapon systems: A threat to human dignity?, https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2018/04/10/autonomous-weapon-systemsa- threat-to-human-dignity/ (17 Aug 2020)

SHARKEY Noel, “Staying in the loop: human supervisory control of weapons”, Autonomous Weapon System: Law, Ehics, Policy, ed. BHUTA Nehal C. et al., Cambridge University Press, 2016, pp. 23-38

STRAWSER Bradley Jay, “Introduction: The moral Landscape of Unmanned Weapons”, Killing by remote control: The Ethics of an Unmanned Military, ed. Bradley Jay Strawser, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 3-24.

WOOD Allen W., “What is Kantian Ethics?”, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. tr. Allen Wood, Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 157-181.

ZULAIKA, Joseba, “Trauma: THE KILLER AS VOYEUR.” In Hellfire from Paradise Ranch: On the Front Lines of Drone Warfare, Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2020, pp. 111-150. doi:10.2307/j.ctvw1d607.7. (Accessed June 18, 2020)