Yüksek Yağlı Diyetle Beslenen Sıçanlarda Maca Kök Ekstraktının Böbrek Dokusu Bazı Moleküler Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

Maca, (Lepidium meyenii) yüzyıllardır besin takviyesi olarak etnomedikal amaçla kullanılmaktadır. Son zamanlarda maca, çoklu biyolojik aktiviteleri nedeniyle dünya çapında yüksek profilli bir fonksiyonel gıda haline gelmiştir. Yüksek yağlı diyet (YYD) ile uzun süreli beslenme, obezite oluşumu ile yakından ilişkilidir. Obezite, kronik böbrek hastalığının gelişimi ve ilerlemesinde olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yüksek yağlı diyet ile beslenen sıçanlarda maca takviyesinin, böbrek organik anyon taşıyıcı-3 (OAT-3), organik katyon taşıyıcı-1 (OCT-1), ve 2 (OCT-2), insülin reseptör substrat-1 (IRS-1), vasküler adhezyon molekülü-1 (VCAM-1) ve vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF) düzeyleri üzerindeki etkinliğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, 28 adet Sprague-Dawley ırkı erkek sıçan rastgele dört gruba (n=7) ayrıldı; i) Kontrol grubu (standart diyet ile beslenen); ii) Maca (40mg/kg/gün) grubu; iii) YYD ile beslenen grup; iv) Maca+YYD ile beslenen grup. Çalışmanın 60 günlük süresi ardından, böbrek OCT-1, OCT-2 ve IRS-1 protein düzeyleri YYD+Maca uygulanan grupta, YYD grubu ile kıyaslandığında anlamlı bir artış gösterdi (P

Effects of Maca Root Extract on Some Molecular Parameters of Kidney Tissue in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a dietary supplement in ethnomedicine for centuries. Maca has recently become a high-functional food globally, due to its numerous biological benefits. The high-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to the occurrence of obesity. Obesity is a common cause for chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maca on organic anion transporters-3 (OAT-3), organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1), organic cation transporter-2 (OCT-2), insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels. In the study, 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=7); i) Control group (fed with standard diet); ii) Group fed with standard diet and supplemented with Maca (40mg/kg/day) group; iii) Group fed a HFD; iv) Group fed with Maca+HFD. After the 60-day of study, kidney OCT-1, OCT-2 and IRS-1 protein levels showed a significant increase in the HFD+Maca treated group compared to the HFD group (P

PDF

___

1. Rokholm B, Baker JL, Sorensen TI. The levelling off of the obesity epidemic since the year 1999–a review of evidence and perspectives. Obes Rev 2010; 11: 835-846.
2. van der Heijden RA, Sheedfar F, Morrison MC, et al. High-fat diet induced obesity primes inflammation in adipose tissue prior to liver in C57BL/6j mice. Aging 2015; 7: 256-268.
3. Dalby MJ, Aviello G, Ross AW, et al. Diet induced obesity is independent of metabolic endotoxemia and TLR4 signalling, but markedly increases hypothalamic expression of the acute phase protein, SerpinA3N. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 15648.
4. Lang P, Hasselwander S, Li H, Xia N. Effects of different diets used in diet-induced obesity models on insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 1-14.
5. Kanthe PS, Patil BS, Das KK. Terminalia arjuna supplementation ameliorates high fat diet-induced oxidative stress in nephrotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021: 1-9.
6. Sahin K, Kucuk O, Orhan C, et al. Effects of supplementing different chromium histidinate complexes on glucose and lipid metabolism and related protein expressions in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65: 126723.
7. Salim HM, Kurnia LF, Bintarti TW, Handayani H. The effects of high-fat diet on histological changes of kidneys in rats. Biomol Health Sci J 2018; 1: 109-112.
8. Muller CR, Leite AP, Yokota R, et al. Post-weaning exposure to high-fat diet induces kidney lipotoxicity in Adult rats. Front Nutr 2019; 6: 60.
9. Jaikumkao K, Pongchaidecha A, Chueakula N, et al. Renal outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, in obese insulin-resistant model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864: 2021-2033.
10. Gai Z, Visentin M, Hiller C, et al. Organic cation transporter 2 overexpression may confer an ıncreased risk of Gentamicin-ınduced nephrotoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60: 5573-5580.
11. Nies AT, Koepsell H, Winter S, et al. Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology 2009; 50: 1227-1240.
12. Koepsell H. Organic cation transporters in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72: 253-319.
13. Motohashi H, Sakurai Y, Saito H, et al. Gene expression levels and immunolocalization of organic ion transporters in the human kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 866- 874.
14. Aperia AC. Intrarenal dopamine: A key signal in the interactive regulation of sodium metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol 2000; 62: 621-647.
15. Kim BH, Lee ES, Choi R, et al. Protective effects of curcumin on renal oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in a rat model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57: 664-673.
16. Pengrattanachot N, Cherngwelling R, Jaikumkao K, et al. Atorvastatin attenuates obese-induced kidney injury and impaired renal organic anion transporter 3 function through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866: 165741.
17. Lee SH, Lee HJ, Lee YH, et al. Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity in high fat fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Phytother Res 2012; 26: 142-147.
18. Gu JJ, Gao FY, Zhao TY. A preliminary investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effect of berberine in preventing high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 63: 505-513.
19. Peng J, He L. IRS posttranslational modifications in regulating insulin signaling. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60: R1-R8.
20. Nakagawa T, Tanabe K, Croker BP, et al. Endothelial dysfunction as a potential contributor in diabetic nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol 2011; 7(1): 36-44.
21. Wang Y, Lu YH, Tang C, et al. Calcium dobesilate restores autophagy by ınhibiting the VEGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10: 886.
22. Azzini E, Giacometti J, Russo GL. Antioxidant phytochemicals at the pharma-nutrition ınterface. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017: 6986143.
23. Ramalingum N, Mahomoodally MF. The Therapeutic potential of medicinal foods. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014.
24. Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Sahin K. Phytochemical therapies in vascular functioning: a molecular approach. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2017; 15: 327-338
25. Hao L, Tian A, Zhang L, et al. Optimization of polyphenols extraction from Maca (Lepidium Meyenii) leaves by response surface methodology. J Chin Inst Food Sci Technol 2014; 14(12): 86-93.
26. Vecera R, Orolin J, Kottová N, et al. The influence of Maca (Lepidium meyenii) on antioxidant status, lipid and glucose metabolism in rat. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2007; 62: 59-63.
27. Sun Y, Dai C, Shi S, et al. Composition analysis and antioxidant activity of essential oils, lipids and polysaccharides in different phenotypes of Lepidium meyenii. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1099: 25-33.
28. Li A, Liu J, Ding F, et al. Maca extracts regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9: 2894-2907.
29. Pino-Figueroa A, Nguyen D, Maher TJ. Neuroprotective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1199: 77-85.
30. Orhan C, Sahin N, Tuzcu Z, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Combined oral supplementation of chromium picolinate, docosahexaenoic acid, and boron enhances neuroprotection in rats fed a high-fat diet. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47: 1616-1625.
31. Li J, Chen L, Li J, et al. The composition analysis of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) from Xinjiang and its antifatigue activity. J Food Qual 2017; 2017: 1-7.
32. Vásquez-Velásquez C, Gasco M, Fano-Sizgorich D, Gonzales GF. Inflammatory pathway employed by Red Maca to treat induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Andrologia 2020; 52: e13516.
33. Gencoglu H, Tuzcu M, Hayirli A, Sahin K. Protective effects of resveratrol against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by modulation of visfatin/sirtuin-1 pathway and glucose transporters. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66: 314-320.
34. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, et al. Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Edition, Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Upper Saddle River, 2014.
35. van der Schouw YT, Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Peeters PH, et al. Prospective study on usual dietary phytoestrogen intake and cardiovascular disease risk in Western women. Circulation 2005; 111: 465-471.
36. da Silva Leitão Peres N, Cabrera Parra Bortoluzzi L, Medeiros Marques LL, et al. Medicinal effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii): a review. Food Funct 2020; 11: 83-92.
37. Wan W, Li H, Xiang J, et al. Aqueous extract of black maca prevents metabolism disorder via regulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-TCA cycle and PPARα signaling activation in golden hamsters fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9: 333.
38. Pan QR, Ren YL, Zhu JJ, et al. Resveratrol increases nephrin and podocin expression and alleviates renal damage in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutrients 2014; 6: 2619-2631.
39. Wongwan T, Chatsudthipong V, Soodvilai S. Farnesoid x receptor activation stimulates organic cations transport in human renal proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21: 6078.
40. Arruda AC, Perilhão MS, Santos WA, et al. PPARα- Dependent modulation by metformin of the expression of OCT-2 and MATE-1 in the kidney of mice. Molecules 2020; 25: 1-9.
41. Zhou S, Zeng S, Shu Y. Drug-drug interactions at organic cation transporter 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12: 628705.
42. Habu Y, Yano I, Okuda M, Fukatsu A, Inui K. Restored expression and activity of organic ion transporters rOAT1, rOAT3 and rOCT2 after hyperuricemia in the rat kidney. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69: 993-999.
43. Saito H. Pathophysiological regulation of renal SLC22A organic ion transporters in acute kidney injury: pharmacological and toxicological implications. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125: 79-91.
44. Erten M. Visfatin as a promising marker of cardiometabolic risk. Acta Cardiol Sin 2021; 37: 464-472.
45. Adeghate E, Saeed Z, D'Souza C, et al. Effect of nociceptin on insulin release in normal and diabetic rat pancreas. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374: 517-529.
46. Cheatham B, Kahn CR. Insulin action and the insulin signaling network. Endocrine Reviews 1995; 16: 117-142.
47. Huang J, Rajapakse A, Xiong Y, et al. Genetic targeting of arginase-II in mouse prevents renal oxidative stress and ınflammation in diet-ınduced obesity. Front Physiol 2016; 7: 1-10.
48. Hiratsuka S, Maru Y, Okada A, et al. Involvement of Flt-1 tyrosine kinase (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1) in pathological angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 1207-1213.
49. Orhan C, Akdemir F, Tuzcu M, et al. Mesozeaxanthin protects retina from oxidative stress in a rat model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32: 631-637.