Dilate Kardiyomyopatili Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde M Mod ve Benek Takibi Ekokardiyografi Verilerinin KarĢılaĢtırılması

Dilate kardiyomyopati; özellikle büyük ırk köpeklerde en sık görülen edinsel kalp hastalıklarındandır. Bu çalıĢmada, dilate kardiyomyopati tanısı konan Kangal ırkı köpeklerde kalp kasındaki aynı bölgeden elde edilen ejeksiyon fraksiyonu ve gerilim verileri arasındaki iliĢkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmaya dahil edilen 135 kangal köpeğin 100‟ü (41 erkek, 59 diĢi) sağlıklı grupta (medyan yaĢ 41.23 ay) 35‟i (21 erkek, 14 diĢi) dilate kardiyomyopatili grupta (medyan yaĢ 39.1 ay) yer aldı. Köpeklerin fiziksel ve ekokardiyografik muayene verileri Ocak 2017- Aralık 2021 yılları arasındaki kayıtlardan seçildi. Sonuçlara göre iki grup arasında sol ventrikül posterior duvarının sistol sonu kalınlığı hariç tüm M mod parametreleri ve M mod ölçümlerinin yapıldığı alanların gerilim verileri açısından oluĢan fark istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır. Sonuç olarak; dilate kardiyomyopatili Kangal ırkı köpeklerin ekokardiyografi muayenesinde sol ventrükülün kısa eksen papiller kas seviylerinden elde edilen ejeksiyon fraksiyonu ile MAS ve MIL bölgelerinden elde edilen gerilim verileri sağlıklı gruba göre daha düĢük ve farklıdır. Aynı zamanda her iki grupta da bu bölgelerinin gerilim verileri ile M mod parametreleri arasında bir korelasyon olmadığı görülmüĢtür. Kangal ırkı köpeklerde dilate kardiyomyopati tanısında hangi yöntem tercih edilirse edilsin tanı aĢamasında yeterli bilgi sağlayabileceği tespit edilmiĢtir.

Comparison of M Mod and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Data in Anatolian Shepherd Dog (Turkish Kangal Dog) with Dilatated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most common acquired-heart diseases especially in large breed dogs. Echocardiographic examination is considered to be the most valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cardiac anatomy and function. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between ejection fraction and strain data obtained from the same region of the heart muscle in Kangal dogs with the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Of the 135 Kangal dogs included in the study, 100 (41 males, 59 females) were included in the healthy group (median age 41.23 months) and 35 (21 males, 14 females) in the dilated cardiomyopathy group (median age 39.1 months). The physical and echocardiographic examination data of the dogs were selected from the records between January 2017- December 2021. According to the results, the difference between the two groups, except for the end-systolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, was statistically significant in terms of all M mode parameters and the strain data of the areas where M mode measurements were made. As a result; in the echocardiographic examination of Kangal dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, the ejection fraction obtained from the short axis papillary muscle levels of the left ventricle and the strain data obtained from the MAS and MIL regions were lower and different than the healthy group. At the same time, it was observed that there was no correlation between the strain data of these regions and the M mode parameters in both groups. It has been determined that whichever method is preferred in the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in Kangal dogs, it can provide sufficient information at the diagnosis stage

PDF

___

1. Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice: Saunders, 1999.
2. Tidholm A, Häggström J, Borgarelli M, et al. Canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, clinical characteristics, epidemiology and pathology. Vet J 2001; 162: 92-107.
3. Bonagura JD, Visser LC. Echocardiographic assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2021.
4. Gugjoo MB, Hoque M, Saxena AC, et al. Reference values of M-mode echocardiographic parameters and indices in conscious Labrador Retriever dogs. Iran J Vet Res. 2014; 15: 341-346.
5. Potter E, Marwick TH. Assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography: The case for routinely adding global longitudinal strain to ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11: 260-274.
6. Chengode S. Left ventricular global systolic function assessment by echocardiography. Ann Card Anaesth 2016; 19: S26-S34.
7. Pedrizzetti G, Lapinskas T, Tonti G, et al. The relationship between ef and strain permits a more accurate assessment of LV systolic function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12: 1893-1895.
8. Terzi OS, Toksöz C, Akbaba M, et al. The use of two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in veterinary cardiology. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 16: 176-181.
9. Stephenson HM, Fonfara S, López-Alvarez J, et al. Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in great danes in the United Kingdom. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26: 1140- 1147.
10. Pedro B, Stephenson H, Linney C, et al. Assessment of left ventricular function in healthy great danes and in great danes with dilated cardiomyopathy using speckle tracking echocardiography. J Vet Cardiol 2017; 19: 363-375.
11. Fang ZY, Yuda S, Anderson V, et al. Echocardiographic detection of early diabetic myocardial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 611-617.
12. Hasselberg NE, Haugaa KH, Sarvari SI, et al. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain is associated with exercise capacity in failing hearts with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 16: 217-224.
13. Kraigher-Krainer E, Shah AM, Gupta DK, et al. Impaired systolic function by g imaging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: 447-456.
14. Leren IS, Hasselberg NE, Saberniak J, et al. Cardiac mechanical alterations and genotype specific differences in subjects with long QT syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8: 501-510.
15. Smedsrud MK, Sarvari S, Haugaa KH, et al. Duration of myocardial early systolic lengthening predicts the presence of significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 60: 1086-1093.
16. Yang H, Sun JP, Lever HM, et al. Use of strain imaging in detecting segmental dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16: 233-239.
17. Gazewood JD, Turner PL. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96: 582-588.
18. Boon JA. Veterinary Echocardiography, Wiley, 2011. 19. Boon JA. Two-Dimensional and M-Mode Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner, Wiley 2016.
20. Stokke TM, Hasselberg NE, Smedsrud MK, et al. Geometry as a confounder when assessing ventricular systolic function: Comparison between ejection fraction and strain. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70: 942-954.