Moleküler markerlerin hayvan yetiştiriciliği ve genetiğinde kullanımı

Son 30 yı lda moleküler biyolojinin geli ş imi çiftlik hayvanları n ı n seleksiyonu ve genetik ilerlemesi içinheyecan verici yakla ş ı mlar olu ş turmu ş tur. DNA markerleri bireysel tan ı mlama, ebeveyn tayini vegenetik hastal ı kları n kontrolünde ş imdiden yayg ı n bir uygulama alan ı bulmu ş tur. Fakat as ı lkullan ı mları genotipik seleksiyon uygulamaları için kantitatif karakter lokusları n ı n belirlenmesiyönünde olacaktı r. Moleküler markerlerin hayvan ı slah ı ve geneti ğ indeki uygulama alanları n ı pratikveya k ı sa dönem ve uzun dönem olmak üzere iki ana ba ş l ı k altı nda toplamak mümkündür. Pratikveya kı sa dönem uygulama alanları bireysel tan ı mlama, ebeveyn tayini, genetik hastal ı kları nkontrolü, genetik uzakl ı ğı n tahmini, implantasyon öncesi yavru cinsiyetinin ve ikizli ğ inbelirlenmesidir. Uzun dönem uygulama alanları genom haritaları n ı n olu ş turulmas ı , kantitatifkarakter lokusları n ı n belirlenmesi, marker destekli seleksiyon, genetik çe ş itlilik ve genetikkaynakları n ı n korunmas ı çal ı ş maları d ı r.

Applications of moleculer markers in animal breeding and genetics

Development of molecular biology during the past three decades has created new oppurtunities forthe selection and genetic improvement of livestock. DNA markers have already provided wideapplications in parentage verification, individual identification and control of genetic disorders. Theultimate use of DNA markers would be to identify quantitative trait loci in order to practice genotypicselection. It is possible that application of molecular markers in animal breeding and genetics canbe studied under two main headings as shortrange or immediate and longrange. Shortrange orimmediate applications are individual identification, parentage determination, control of geneticdisorders, genetic distance estimation, determination of twin zygosity and sexing of preimplantationembryos. Long range applications are genome mapping, determination of quantitative trait loci,marker assisted selection and biodiversity and conservation of genetic resources studies.

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