Dünyadaki doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ülke seçimi kararı ile ekonomik özgürlük endeksi arasındaki ilişki

Sanayi çağından bilgi çağına geçişle birlikte küresel boyutta serbest bir şekilde dolaşma imkânına kavuşan bilgi kavramı hemen arkasında sermayeyi de beraberinde götürmeyi başarmıştır. Yatırım kararının optimizasyonu maksadıyla yerel sınırlarından kurtulan sermaye, uluslararası bir kavram olarak değer kazanmış ve yerel yatırımlar ile birlikte ulusal kalkınma ve ekonomik büyümenin en önemli öncüllerinden biri olarak kabul edilir hale gelmiştir. Yurt dışına yatırım yapan sermaye sahiplerinin genellikle tercih ettikleri yatırım yöntemi doğrudan yabancı yatırımdır. Son yıllarda ülkelerin sahip olduğu sosyoekonomik şartları değerlendirerek yatırım için uygunluk durumunu yansıtan ve “Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi” olarak isimlendirilen çalışmalar yayımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Heritage Foundation tarafından yapılan Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi’ni oluşturan bileşenlerin ülkelerin çekebildiği yatırım üzerindeki etkisini ortaya çıkarmak maksadıyla dünya ülkelerinin çoğunluğunu kapsayacak şekilde çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli oluşturulmuş ve ele alınan faktörlerin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım için ülke seçim kararına etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır.

The association between foreign direct investors’ country selection decision and economic freedom index

Information has begun to travel freely around the world in parallel with global transition from industrial age to information age. Freedom of information has lead capital to roam globally to optimize return of the investments. Thus, capital has been freed from local borders and the dictated rules and regulations. Free capital has gained importance as an international concept and be considered as one of the most important predecessors of economic growth and national development along with domestic investments. Foreign direct investment is the most preferred method among the other methods of outward investments. Recently some studies called “Economic Freedom Index”, aiming to measure appropriateness of socioeconomic conditions of a country for investment, has been prepared and published in order to reveal the appropriateness of the national conditions for investment. In this paper, the effect of the components of the economic freedom index made by Heritage Foundations on the nations’ foreign direct investment stocks and at the same time investment preferences of the foreign direct investors globally. The countries having consistent data have been chosen and their data has been used in multivariate regression model in order to search the causality between economic freedom index and foreign direct investment decision.

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