Deniz, tatlı su ve kültür ortamlarında yetişmiş levrek balıklarında farklı pişirme yöntemlerinin bazı yağ asiti kompozisyonları üzerine etkisi

Amaç: Bu araştırmada farklı ortamlarda yetişmiş (tatlı su, deniz, kültür) levrek balıklarının üç farklı pişirme yöntemi (derin yağda kızartma, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanması sonucu yağ asitleri kompozisyonunda oluşan değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı ortamlarda yetişen (tatlı su, deniz, kültür)levrek balıklarına 3 farklı pişirme yöntemi (yağda, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanmıştır. Çiğ balık numuneleri dahil 4 farklı grup oluşturulmuş, uygulanan işlemler 3 tekrar olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balıklar yıkanıp temizlendikten sonra fileto haline getirilmiş en az 500 gr olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Yağ asitleri kompozisyon analizi COI/T.20/Doc.no.17 gaz kromatografik yöntem ve GC-FID cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda elde edilen % yağ asitleri değerleri sırasıyla “tatlı su, deniz, kültür” levrek balıklarında ve sırasıyla “çiğ, derin yağda, ızgarada, fırında” pişirme gruplarında, omega-3; (14,78; 9,19; 13,60; 9,89), (16,41; 9,35; 15,66; 10,34), (11,76; 9,73; 11,23; 9,41), omega-6; (18,52; 46,58, 12,36; 29,83), (22,53; 30,49; 12,86; 29,81), (18,19; 30,18; 18,30; 30,34), doymuş yağ; (0,47; 0,51; 0,80; 0,38), (0,50; 0,58; 0,77; 0,50), (1,68; 1,21; 1,18; 2,03), tekli doymamış yağ; (0,93; 1,29; 0,62; 0,97), (0,79; 1,35; 0,60; 1,16), (3,22; 2,73; 2,32; 4,59), çoklu doymamış yağ; (0,70; 2,33; 0,51; 0,99), (0,93; 1,41; 0,56; 1,23), (2,45; 2,91; 1,72; 4,83), ALA; (0,33; 1,31; 0,25; 0,63), (0,38; 0,27; 0,24; 0,57), (0,42; 0,42; 0,35; 0,28), EPA; (0,02; 0,01; 0,23; 0,02), (0,03; 0,01; 0,25; 0,03), (0,01; 0,01; 0,02; 0,01), DHA; (5,72; 4,91; 10,64; 4,80), (8,26; 4,68; 12,36; 5,28), (5,47; 4,70; 5,18; 4,66) olarak tespit edilmiştir Öneri: Bütün balık grupları ve pişirme yöntemlerine göre omega-3 yönünden en uygun ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleridir. Yağda pişirilmiş tatlı su levrekleri omega-6, fırında pişirilmiş kültür levrekleri tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağlar, ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleri EPA ve DHA yönünden daha uygundur. Yağda pişirme yöntemine genel olarak kültür balıkları daha uygunken, doymuş yağ içeriği düşük diyetler için doğal tatlı su ve deniz balıkları fırında pişirme yöntemine daha uygundur. Çiğ ve pişmiş balık grupları kıyaslandığında pişirme işlemleri balıketinin yaklaşık yağ asidi bileşimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir

The effects of different cooking methods on some fatty acid composition in sea bass grown in marine, freshwater, and culture environments

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in fatty acid composition of sea bassfish grown in different environments (wild-freshwater environment, wild-marine environment,culture) as a result of applying three different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking). Materials and Methods: 3 different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking) were applied to sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild freshwater environment, wild marineenvironment, culture). 4 different groups were formed, including raw fish samples. The proceduresapplied in this research were carried out in triplicate. After the fish were washed and cleaned, theywere made into fillets. Samples are adjusted to a minimum of 500 g. Fatty acid composition analysiswas performed using the COI / T.20 / Doc.no.17 gas chromatographic method and GC-FID device. Results: The % fatty acids values obtained as a result of the analysis were determined as followsin the "freshwater, marine, culture" sea bass fish and in the "raw, deep fat frying, grilling, baking"co-oking groups, respectively. Omega-3; (14.78; 9.19; 13.60; 9.89), (16.41; 9.35; 15.66; 10.34),(11.76; 9.73; 11.23; 9 ,41), omega-6; (18.52; 46.58, 12.36; 29.83), (22.53; 30.49; 12.86; 29.81),(18.19; 30.18; 18.30; 30 .34), saturated fat; (0.47; 0.51; 0.80; 0.38), (0.50; 0.58; 0.77; 0.50), (1.68;1.21; 1.18; 2 .03), monounsaturated fat; (0.93; 1.29; 0.62; 0.97), (0.79; 1.35; 0.60; 1.16), (3.22;2.73; 2.32; 4 .59), polyunsaturated fat; (0.70; 2.33; 0.51; 0.99), (0.93; 1.41; 0.56; 1.23), (2.45; 2.91;1.72; 4 .83), ALA; (0.33; 1.31; 0.25; 0.63), (0.38; 0.27; 0.24; 0.57), (0.42; 0.42; 0.35; 0 ,28), EPA;(0.02; 0.01; 0.23; 0.02), (0.03; 0.01; 0.25; 0.03), (0.01; 0.01; 0.02; 0 .01), DHA; (5.72; 4.91; 10.64;4.80), (8.26; 4.68; 12.36; 5.28), (5.47; 4.70; 5.18; 4 ,66). Conclusion: According to all fish groups and cooking methods, grilled wild sea bass is the mostsuitable in terms of omega-3. Freshwater sea bass cooked in deep fat fried is more suitable in termsof omega-6, baked cultured sea bass is more suitable in terms of mono and polyunsaturated fats,grilled wild marine sea bass is more suitable in terms of EPA and DHA. For deep fat frying methodsis generally cultured fish more suitable, wild freshwater and marine fish are more suitable for ovencooking for diets low in saturated fat. When raw and cooked fish groups are compared, cookingprocesses have a significant effect on the approximate fatty acid composition of fish.

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