EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE İLE İLGİLİ AMPİRİK KANIT

Gelişen ekonomilerde hızlı ekonomik büyüme ve endüstrileşmenin sonuçlarından birisi, çevre şartlarının ve sağlık kalitesinin bozulmasıdır. Sağlık kalitesinin belirleyicileri konusu, son yıllarda teorik ve ampirik çalışmalarda yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1960-2011 dönemi itibariyle Türkiye ekonomisi için ekonomik büyüme ve çevre kirliliğinin sağlık üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Analizlerde kullanılan bağımlı değişken bebek ölüm oranı (sağlık kalitesi), bağımsız değişkenler ise kişi başına reel gelir (ekonomik büyüme) ve karbon salınımıdır (çevre kirliliği). Değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkilerinin varlığını test etmek için Johansen-Juselius ve Phillips-Ouliaris eşbütünleşme metotları ile Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular; i) değişkenlerin birinci farklarında durağan olduğunu, ii) değişkenler arasında bir uzun dönem ilişkisinin varlığını, iii) kişi başına reel gelirin bebek ölüm oranını negatif etkilediğini, iv) karbon salınımının bebek ölüm oranını pozitif etkilediğini, v) karbon salınımı ile bebek ölüm oranı arasında çift yönlü bir Granger nedenselliğin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar önemli politika eğilimleri sunabilmektedir

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON HEALTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY

One of the consequences of rapid economic growth and industrialization in the developing economies has been deterioration in environmental conditions and health quality. The determinants of health quality have been intensively discussed by the theoretical and empirical studies in recent years. This study investigates the impact of economic growth and environmental pollution on health in case of Turkey over the period 1960-2011. In other words, the effect of per capita real income and carbon emissions on infant mortality rate is analyzed. The Johansen-Juselius and Phillips-Ouliaris cointegration methods and Granger causality test are used to test for the presence of cointegration and causality links between the variables. Empirical findings reveal that i) the variables are stable at their first differences, ii) there exists a long run relationship between the variables, iii) per capita real income negatively affects infant mortality rate, iv) carbon emissions positively affect infant mortality rate, v) there exists a bi-directional Granger causality between carbon emissions and infant mortality rate. The findings can present important policy implications

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