Farklı Okuma Yeteneklerindeki Öğrencilere Kelime Anlamlarının Öğretimi: Bağlam Temelli Öğretimin Okuduğunu Anlama Üzerinde Kontrollü Bir Değerlendirmesi

Bu çalışmada, sosyal bilgiler dersinde bağlam temelli kelime öğretiminin farklılaşan okuma becerilerindeki yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okuduğunu anlama performansları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Katılımcıların okuduğunu anlama becerilerini belirlemek için 16 maddeden oluşan "Cümle Doğrulama Tekniği" testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca bağlam temelli kelime öğretimi uygulamasına ilişkin katılımcıların görüş ve deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelere başvurulmuştur. Bağlam temelli eğitim grubu öğrencileri sekiz hafta boyunca 10 oturumda açıklayıcı (bilgilendirici) sosyal bilgiler metinleri aracılığıyla bağlamdan kelime öğrenme eğitimini alırken; kontrol grubu öğrencileri geniş okuma programına dâhil olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bu çalışmada iki bulguyu ortaya çıkarmıştır: Birincisi, öğrencilere kelime anlamlarını bağlamdan nasıl çıkarılacağını öğretmenin onların okuduğunu anlama performanslarını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. İkincisi nitel bulgular, zayıf okuyucuların eğitim yoluyla bilinmeyen kelimelerin anlamlarının karmaşıklığını bağlamdan çözebileceğini ve okuma engelleriyle baş etmek için okuma sırasında ihtiyaç duyulan bilişsel stratejileri kullanabileceğini göstermiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan sonuçlar, okuduğunu anlama becerilerini desteklemek için geliştirilen bağlam temelli kelime öğretiminin ortalama ve iyi okuyucular yanında zayıf okuyucular için de etkili bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Teaching Word Meanings to Students at Different Reading Ability: A Controlled Assessment of the Contextual-Based Vocabulary Instruction on Reading Comprehension

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of contextual-based vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension of seventh-grade students at different reading ability levels in social studies. The Sentence Verification Technique test consisted of 16-items was used to determine participants' reading comprehension skills. In addition, a semi-structured interview form was used to describe participants' perceptions and experiences related to the vocabulary intervention program activities. The experimental condition received a contextual-based vocabulary instruction intervention program for eight weeks in 10 sessions; in contrast to the control condition participated in a wide reading program. As a result, this study yielded two findings: First, the results indicated that teaching students how to use contextual analysis to infer word meanings from context improved significantly their own reading comprehension scores. Second, the qualitative findings showed that poor readers could be able unlock the complexity of the meanings of unknown words and use the cognitive strategies that required to overcome their reading difficulties while reading through explicit instruction. The results suggested that it seemed as though the context-based vocabulary instruction used in this study to improve reading comprehension scores was a fairly powerful procedure for all students, both poor readers and average-high readers in the experimental condition.

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