Farid Bin MASOOD, Umair Ali KHAN

Medrese Mezunları Krizi: Pakistan Toplumunda Kimlik Arayışı

Medrese, müslüman tarihinin geleneksel eğitim kurumları olarak tarihe geçmiş, Hint alt kıtasındaki İngiliz öncesi dönemde de bu işlevini sürdürmüştür. Tarihsel olarak medreseler sadece din alanında değil, aynı zamanda diğer alanlarda da toplumun ihtiyaç duyduğu insan gücünü karşılamıştır. Ancak Medrese müfredatı da dahil mevcut pek çok kurumun boyun eğmesine ve baskısına yol açan Biritanya emperyalizminin gelişi ile, medresenin toplum- da oynadığı rolde yavaş yavaş bir düşüş yaşanmıştır. Medresenin (hem ku- rum hem de mezunları tarafından) karşı karşıya kaldığı bu varoluşsal krizin, Pakistan'ın kuruluşunda dini Ulema ve Müslüman kitlelerin desteği ile sona ermesi beklenirken, Pakistan'daki modern eğitim sisteminin uyarlanması sadece mevcut problemi artırmıştır. Bu araştırma, medrese mezunlarının dev- let ve toplumun refahına katkısını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Sonuçlar, çok sayıda mezunun, Pakistan ve Dünya Bankası tarafından belirlenen as- gari ücret ölçütlerinden bile daha az getirisi olan meslekleri yapmak zorunda kaldıklarını göstermektedir. Bu meslekler arasında şunlar bulunmaktadır: me- drese öğretmenleri, imamlar, medreselerdeki memurlar, düşük dereceli gaze- telerdeki yazarlar, küçük esnaf.

THE CRISIS OF MADRASAH GRADUATES: A SEARCH FOR IDENTITY IN THE PAKISTANI SOCIETY

Madrasah had remained the traditional institution of education in theMuslim history and remained functional in the pre-British era in the sub-continent. Historically, there had been no distinction between the religious andsecular education in the madrasahs, but after the arrival of British imperialismwhich led to the subjugation and oppression of existing institutions which alsoaffected the Madrasah curriculum leading to a gradual decay in Madrasah toplay any role in the society. This existential crisis faced by the madrasah—both as an institution and by its graduates—was expected to end with theinception of Pakistan with the support of religious Ulema and the Muslimmasses however the adaptation of the modern education system in Pakistanonly added more to the existing problem. The current research employed asurvey method to explore the professions graduates from madrasahs areadapting in order to play a contributing role for the welfare of the state andsociety. Results are indicative that a large number of graduates are forcedto take up petty professions whose pay is even less than the minimum wagecriteria set by the state of Pakistan and the world bank. Analysis of the dataindicated that these professions include: madrasah teachers, imams, clerksat madrasahs, writers in low-rated newspapers, small shopkeepers. A largenumber of graduates join voluntary missionary organizations and religiouspolitical parties. Research also shows that few of the graduates indulge inmilitant organizations.

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