Prematüre bebekleri yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan ebeveynlerde ortaya çıkan stresörler

Amaç: Prematüre bebeği Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nde (YYBÜ) yatan ebeveynlerin stresörlerini ve sorunlarını belirlemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı çalışma, kalitatif araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan “Derinlemesine görüşme yöntemi” ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini, Eylül-Aralık 2002 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinin Kadın-Doğum Kliniği’nde doğan ve 7 gün ve daha fazla hospitalize edilen tüm prematüre ebeveynleri, örneklemini ise çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden toplam 21 ebeveyn (14 anne ve 7 baba) oluşturmuştur. Görüşmeler, özel bir odada, yaklaşık 40-60 dk., aynı görüşmeci tarafından, baş başa yürütülmüştür. “Bebeği YYBÜ’de yatan bir ebeveyn olmayı anlatır mısınız?” şeklinde görüşmeler başlatılmış, ebeveynlere herhangi bir soru sorulmamıştır. İzin alınarak kayıt tutulmuştur. Görüşme notları kodlanarak Pearlin’in “Stres süreci modeli”ne göre sınıflanmıştır. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin deneyimlediği en önemli stres kaynakları, bebek sağlığı ile ilgili kaygılar, hastanede uzun süreli kalmak, birimler arasındaki koordinasyonsuzluk ve bürokratik işlemler, evdeki eş ve çocukların özlemleri ve bakım sorunları, sosyal güvencesi olmayanlarda hastane faturası ve evde bebek bakımı konusunda bilgi ve beceri eksikliği ile ilgiliydi. Hastanede en fazla desteği hemşirelerden aldıklarını bildiren ebeveynlerin stresle baş etmede en çok kullandıkları stratejiler eş ve aile desteği alma, dua etme, ağlama, dert dökme-sohbet etme ve yeterince tıbbi bakım aldığına inanma idi. Sonuç: Ebeveynler anne ve bebek sağlığı ile ilgili zamanında ve doğru bilgilendirilmeli, mümkün olduğunca erken görsel ve fiziksel temas sağlanmalı, bebeğin durumu uygun olduğunda ebeveynler de bakıma katılmalı, emzirme desteklenmeli ve özendirilmelidir. Hemşireler, bilgi destek ve empati sağlayarak ebeveynlerin streslerini azaltmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Süt çocuğu, prematür, Konu ile ilgili görüşmeler, Stres, psikolojik, Ebeveynler, Yoğun bakım üniteleri, yenidoğan

Stressors parents’ of premature newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit

Aim: To identify parents’ stressors during hospitalization (> 7 day) of their premature newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Material and Method: A qualitative study design by in-debth interviews was chosen. Participants were parents of premature newborns in the NICU of one of University Hospitals in İstanbul. The study was carried out on a sample of 21 parents (14 mothers -7 fathers) of premature newborns hospitalized longer than 7 days. Parents were interviewed by the same researher in a private room for 40-60 minutes. The study question was, “What is it like to have premature newborn?” Data were audiotaped and, after transcription, coded by using thematic content analysis according to Pearlin’s Stress Process Model. Results: The anxiety about baby’s health status, the appearance of the baby in the NICU, complex environment of the NICU, medical equipments and procedures, prolonged hospitalization, separation from the baby, missing the children and spouse at home and increased economic concerns were particularly stressful for the parents. The most common coping behaviors of parents were fatalism, having social support, praying, talking about their troubles, crying and confidence in having adequate medical care. Having support from the nurses was also expressed as reassuring by parents. Conclusion: The data indicates the importance of parents’ participation in the preterm newborn care, supporting early physical contact between parent and infant, encouragement for breastfeeding and care of the babies during and after hospitalization. The nurses are in a unique position to help parents to minimize their stress by providing information, support and understanding.

Keywords:

Infant, Premature, Interviews as Topic, Stress, Psychological, Parents, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal,

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