Transgenik Bitkilerin Dünü, Bugünü ve Geleceği

1982 yılında ilk transgenik bitkinin elde edilmesi ve 1986 yılında tarlaya aktarılmasından sonra istatistikkayıtlarına giren transgenik bitki tarımı 1996 yılında 1.7 milyon ha alanda başlamış ve aradan geçen 18 yıliçinde 107 katına çıkarak 2014 yılında 181.5 milyon ha alanda transgenik bitki tarımı yapılmıştır. Transgenikbitki tarımında kısa süredeki hızlı artışa karşılık bu bitkilerin tarımı ve ticaretiyle ilgili tartışmalar devametmektedir. Söz konusu bitkilerin insan, hayvan ve çevre üzerinde bazı olumsuz etkileri olabileceği ile ilgilikuşkular bulunmaktadır. Bu tartışmalar nedeniyle , 1996-2014 yılları arasında transgenik bitki tarımı yapanülke sayısı yıldan yıla değişmiş ve 30 ülkeyi geçmemiştir. Bu bildiride transgenik bitkilerin geçmişi ve bugünüortaya konularak geleceği tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Transgenik bitki, avantaj, dezavantaj

Past, Present and Future of Transgenic Crops

After obtaining the first genetically modified crop through modern DNA recombination techniques in 1982and testing under field conditions in 1986, commercially growing of the genetically modified crops began in1996 on an area of 1.7 million ha. Growing areas of genetically modified crops in 2014 reached to an areaof 181.5 million ha by an increase of 107 fold. While growing areas of genetically modified crops increasedvery rapidly in a short time, discussions on the commercially growing of genetically modified crops are goingon. There are some doubts on the possibility of negative effects of genetically modified crops on human,animal and environment. Number of the countries commercially growing the genetically modified cropschanged from year to year, and it did not exceed 30 during the years of 1996-2014. In this reviewpresentation, past, present and future of the genetically modified crops was discussed.

Keywords:

genetically modified crop, benefit, risk,

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