Şeker Pancarından Biyoetanol Üretimi

Günümüzde fosil yakıtların giderek tükeniyor olması, ekosistemin tahrip edilmesi, ülkelerin enerjide dışa bağımlı olmaktan kurtulma ve enerji çeşitliliğini arttırma çabaları biyoetanol gibi yakıtların önemini arttırmıştır. Biyokütle olarak şeker pancarı melasından biyoetanol üretimi pancar üreticileri için yeni bir piyasanın açılmasına, ekim nöbetinin yaygınlaşmasına, enerji tarımı kültürünün oluşması ve şeker pancarı ekim alanlarının artmasına sebep olacaktır. Biyoetanol aynı zamanda tarımsal üretimde çeşitliliği sağlayarak ekolojiye olumlu katkıda bulunması, sürdürülebilir tarımsal yapı oluşturması, kırsal kalkınmayı desteklemesi bakımından da önemlidir. Biyoetanol, genel olarak şeker ve nişasta içeren bitkilerden fermantasyon yoluyla elde edilir. Şeker pancarında biyoetanol üretiminde melas kullanılmaktadır. Melastan biyoetanol üretimi; mayanın çoğaltılması, fermantasyon, distilasyon olmak üzere üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmektedir. Etanol üretiminde elde edilen alkol %96 saflıkta olup yakıt alkolü olarak kullanılamaz. Etil alkolün yakıt olarak kullanabilmesi için en az %99.5 saflıkta olması gerekir. Bu nedenle alkol fabrikalarında fermantasyon ünitesinden sonra saflaştırma ve susuzlaştırma ünitelerine ihtiyaç vardır. Günümüzde petrol rezervlerinin azalması ve çevre sorunları yüzünden biyoetanol gibi alternatif enerji kaynaklarına önem verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şeker pancarı, biyoetanol, enerji

Bioethanol Production from Sugar Beet

Today, gradually running out of fossil fuels, the destruction of ecosystems, efforts to avoid being dependant on foreign countries for energy and to increase energy diversity have increased the importance of fuels such as bioethanol. Biomass production of bioethanol from sugar beet molasses will lead to open a new market for beet producers, to widespread the crop rotation, to create an energy farming culture and lead to an increase in sugar beet growing areas. Bioethanol also contributes favorable support to the ecology by providing diversity in agricultural production and it is important for creating sustainable agricultural structure and supporting rural development. Bioethanol in general is obtained by fermentation of plants containing sugar and starch. Sugar beet molasses is used for the production of bioethanol from sugar beet. Production of bioethanol from molasses is carried out at three stages such as yeast reproduction, fermentation and distillation. The alcohol obtained in %96 purity during ethanol production process is not used as biofuel. In order to be used as biofuel it should be in %99.5 purity. Therefore, in alcohol plants the purification and distillation units are needed in addition to fermentation unit. Attention should be paid to alternative energy sources such as bioethanol since the oil reserves are decreasing and environment problems are increasing.

Keywords:

Sugar Beet, bioethanol, energy,

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