Zeynep Serap TEKTEN AKSÜRMELİ, Serdar SAĞLAM

YOKSULLUK ÇALIŞMALARINDA HANE/AİLE STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR TARTIŞMA

Hane ve aile, yoksulluğun yönetilmesinde anahtar birimlerdir. Hane ve aile stratejileri, geçim, başa çıkma, hayatta kalma, uyum sağlama gibi yoksullukla mücadele edilirken ulaşılmak istenen amacı niteleyen farklı kullanımlarla karşımıza çıkar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal politika ve yoksulluk çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan hane stratejileri ve aile stratejileri kavramlarının incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, hane stratejisi ve aile stratejisi kavramlarının güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ele alınmış; bu kavramların yoksulluk araştırmaları için önemi tartışılmış; hane ve aile birimlerinin strateji analizinde kullanılmasının, yoksulluk karşısında bireyi aşan kararlar ve eylemlerin anlaşılmasına sağladığı olanaklara yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında hane ve ailenin farklı tanımlarına değinilmiştir. Her ne kadar hane ve aile arasında kavramsal farklılar bulunsa da hane stratejilerinin ve aile stratejilerinin benzer hayatta kalma ve geçim çabalarına işaret ettiği görülmektedir. İlk kısımda, hanenin ve ailenin yoksulluk karşısında bireyin ayakta kalması konusundaki önemine rağmen, bu birimlerin toplumsal cinsiyet ve yaş başta olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle eşitsiz güç ilişkilerini içerdiğine dair eleştirilere de yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu eşitsizliklere rağmen hane ve aile üyelerinin bir arada kalarak stratejiler oluşturmasının koşulları ve sınırlarına dair literatürde sunulan analizlere değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmı ‘strateji’ kavramına ve bu kavramın yoksulluk çalışmalarında kullanımı üzerine yapılan tartışmalara odaklanmıştır. Strateji analizi, hanelerin ve ailelerin koşullarını dönüştürme yetisine önem veren bir analiz şekli olması nedeniyle yoksulluk literatürü için önemlidir.

A CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION ON HOUSEHOLD/FAMILY STRATEGIES IN POVERTY STUDIES

Household and family are critical units in coping with poverty. Different terms, such as livelihood, coping, survival, and adaptation, are used interchangeably to refer to the same activities to deal with poverty at the household level. This study aims to examine the concepts of household strategies and family strategies that are frequently used in social policy and poverty studies. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses of household strategy and family strategy concepts were discussed, and the importance of these concepts for poverty studies is discussed. Moreover, the opportunities provided by household and family units in the analysis of strategies to understand the decisions and actions going beyond the individual against poverty are elaborated. In the first part of the study, different definitions of household and family are elaborated. Although there are conceptual differences between household and family, household strategies and family strategies appear to involve similar survival and livelihood efforts. In the first of the study, it is elaborated that despite the importance of the household and the family for the survival of the individual against poverty, it is known that these units contain unequal power relations with the effect of various factors, especially gender and age. Despite these inequalities, the literature analyses the conditions and limitations of how people and family members stay together and form strategies are discussed. The second part of the study focuses on strategy and discussions on its use in poverty studies. By using household and family units in strategy analysis, decisions and actions beyond the individual can be understood. Strategy analysis is essential for the poverty literature as it is a form of analysis that emphasizes households and families' ability to transform their conditions.

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