THOMAS AQUINAS’IN DE AETERNIATE MUNDI (ÂLEMİN EZELİLİĞİNE DAİR) RİSALESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Âlemin ezeliliği/hâdisliği meselesi, kadim dönemlerden beri tartışıla gelenönemli felsefi/teolojik problemlerden biri olmuştur. Âlemin ezeliliği/hâdisliğinedair karşıt görüşlerinin arka planında âlemin kaynağına ilişkin zıt denebilecekfelsefi ve teolojik farklı iddiaların bulunmasıdır. Âlemin bir başlangıcı olupolmadığı sorusunun yanıtının farklılaşmasının arka planında, varlığın nasılmevcudiyet kazandığına dair felsefi, dini ve bilimsel görüşlerin farklılaşmasıyatmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, âlemin ezeliliği/hâdisliği meselesini, önemli orta çağdüşünürlerinden Thomas Aquinas’ın De Aeternitate Mundi (Âlemin EzeliliğineDair) risalesi bağlamında tespit etmek ve değerlendirmekle sınırlı olacaktır.Çalışmanın sonuna tercümesini eklediğimiz risalede Aquinas, bir teologdanziyade bir filozof gibi âlemin ezeliliğini imkân dahilinde görmekte ve buna dairrasyonel izahlar getirmekte; ezeli yaratılmış âlem anlayışının mantıksal birçelişki gerektirmeyeceğini savunmaktadır. Aquinas, âlemin yoktan yaratıldığınınaklen izah edilebileceğini ancak âlemin zamansal bir başlangıcının olduğununrasyonel zeminde kanıtlanamayacağını iddia ederek, bir yandan âleminzamansal yaratılmışlığının rasyonel olarak temellendirilebileceğini savunanBonaventure gibi dönemin teologlarından; diğer yandan da âlemin ezeliolduğunu ve bunun rasyonel şekilde izah edilebileceğini iddia eden meslektaşıBrabantlı Siger’den farklılaşmıştır.

AN EVALUATION ON DE AETERNIATE MUNDI BY THOMAS AQUINAS

The issue of eternity/temporal creation of the world has been one of the major philosophical/theological problems that have been discussed since ancient times. In the background of the opposing views of the eternity/temporal creation of the world is that there are different philosophical and theological claims about the origin of the world. Behind the differentiation of the answer to the question of whether the world has a beginning is the differentiation of philosophical, religious and scientific views on how existent acquired its existsence. In our study, it will be limited to identifying and evaluating the opinions of the important medieval thinkers Thomas Aquinas in the context of De aeternitate Mundi (On the Eternity of the World). In the treatise, Aquinas treat the eternity of the world issue as a philosopher rather than a theologian and provides rational explanations and he argues that the eternal conception of the created world does not require a logical contradiction. Aquinas by arguing that the creation of the world from ex nihilo can be explained by reason, but that the temporal creation of the world cannot be proved on a rational basis on the one hand, diffirs from from Bonaventure, who argues that the temporal creation of the world can be rationally grounded; on the oher hand, he differs from his colleague of the Belgian Siger, who claims that the world is eternal and that it can be explained rationally.

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