Türkiye'de İş Yapma Ortamının Girişimcilik ve Ekonomik Özgürlükler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Bir ülkenin ekonomik olarak gelişmesinde temel unsur büyümenin ve refahın itici gücü olan girişimci ruha sahip bireylerdir. Girişimcilerin başarısı da devlet tarafından oluşturulmuş adil, sağlıklı kurumsal yapılara ve temel ekonomik özgürlüklerin sağlanmış olmasına bağlıdır. Bir ülkede iş yapma özgürlüğü kısıtlıysa, hükümetler bilerek ya da bilmeyerek iş yapma konusunda engelleyici bir tutum içindeyseler, bu durum büyüme ve istihdamı etkileyecek; bir bütün olarak toplum bundan zarar görecektir. Bu çalışmada ekonomik özgürlükler ve refah çerçevesindeki temel kurumlar Türkiye özelinde ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çeşitli kurumların yıllardır yayınladıkları ekonomik özgürlükler, yolsuzluk, rekabet ve iş yapma endeksleri elden geçirilmiş; bunların nispeten eski, kabul görmüş olanları çerçevesinde bir analiz yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel olarak, Türkiye'de özellikle istihdam, yolsuzluklar, siyasi ve makroekonomik istikrarsızlıkların iş yapma kolaylığını zedelediği; bunun yanında belli alanlarda ilerlemeler sağlandığı görülmektedir. Bu sonuçların mikro düzeyde ekonomi politikaları oluşturulurken dikkate alınmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

An Evaluation of Business Environment in Turkey From the Prespective of Entrepreneurship and Economic Freedom

The main factor of a country's economic development is the entrepreneur, who is the driving force of growth and wealth. The success of an entrepreneur depends on healthy institutional structures and basic economic freedom provided by the government. If the freedom for doing business in a country is restricted by governments intentionally or unintentionally, this will affect growth and employment, and the society as a whole will suffer from these sanctions. In this study, the basic institutions required for economic freedom and wealth creation were taken into account and analyzed with regard to the specific case of Turkey. For this purpose, various indexes measuring economic freedom, corruption, competition and business environment were examined, and some analyses were provided based on the most widely accepted ones. In general, although the main problems concerning the business environment in Turkey are employment, corruption, political and macro- economic instability, in certain areas there are significant improvements. The results can be useful for policy makers at a micro-economic level.

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