FARKLI SULAMA DÜZENLERİ VE GÖZ YÜKÜ UYGULAMALARININ HAMBURG MİSKETİ ÜZÜM ÇEŞİDİ TANELERİNİN FİTOKİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Bu çalışmada, 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında, iki farklı sulama rejimi ve kontrol (IR–1, IR–2, Sulanmayan) ileiki farklı göz yükü [BL–1 (normal) ve BL–2 (normalin 2 katı)] uygulamasının Hamburg Misketi üzümçeşidinin bazı fitokimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. BL–1 uygulamasında ilk 500 g çubukağırlığı için 20 adet göz, ilave her 500 g için 10 göz daha bırakılmıştır. IR–1 konusunda tane tutumu–bendüşme ile ben düşme–olgunluk dönemleri için A Sınıfı Buharlaşma Havuzundan elde edilen yığışımlıEpan değerinin sırasıyla %50 ve %75’i alınmış; IR–2 uygulamasında ise aynı fenolojik devreler için budeğerler sırasıyla %75 ve %50 olmuştur. Her iki deneme yılında renksiz fenolik bileşiklerin düzeyi IR–1ve BL–1 uygulamalarında; toplam antosiyanin miktarları ise IR–2 ve BL–2 uygulamalarından dahayüksek bulunmuştur. Antioksidan aktivite yıllara göre değişkenlik göstermiştir. Sulama uygulamalarıarasında toplam şeker konsantrasyonları bakımından 2013 yılında herhangi bir farklılık görülmezken,2014 yılında en yüksek değer IR–2 uygulamasında kaydedilmiştir. Toplam organik asit sonuçlarına göreher iki yılda da en yüksek değerlerin IR–1 uygulamasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Bunlara karşın,uygulamalardan elde edilen değerlerin tanelerin incelenen fitokimyasal özellikleri için literatürde verilenortalama değerler düzeyinde olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, çalışma sonunda asmalardan dahayüksek verim elde etmeyi destekleyici IR–1 ve IR–2 sulama rejimleri ve BL–2 göz yükü uygulamalarınınönerilmesinin uygun olacağı düşünülmüştür.

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUSCAT OF HAMBURG GRAPE BERRIES UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES AND BUD LOADS

This paper presents the effects of two irrigation regimes and control (IR–1, IR–2, Rainfed) with two bud loads [BL–1 (normal), BL–2 (twofold of normal)] on some phytochemicals of Muscat of Hamburg grape berries in 2013–2014 growing seasons. In BL–1, 20 buds for the first 500 grams of pruning weight, and 10 more buds for each additional 500 gram were retained. Irrigation applied to the IR–I plots were 50% and 75% of the cumulative evaporation from the Class a Pan during the berry set–veraison and veraison– ripening, respectively as these percentages were 75% and 50% for the IR–2 plots. While the highest amount of total colorless phenolics was found in IR–1 and in BL–1, for total anthocyanin, the highest concentrations were recorded in IR–2 and BL–2 for both years. Antioxidant activity of treatments varied according to years. While there were no statistical differences among total sugar concentration of the irrigation practices in 2013 however rainfed and IR–2 had higher total sugars in 2014. IR–1 yielded higher total organic acid values in two years. On the other hand, it was evaluated that the values obtained from the applications were at the level of average values given in the literature for the phytochemical properties of the grape berries. Based on the obtained results, IR–1 and IR–2 irrigation regimes and BL–2 application which can support for achieving higher yields is recommended.

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