Zaman Uzam, Toplumsal Uzam ve Çin Kültürü

İnsanlık son 20 yılda önemli küresel dönüşümlere tanık olmuştur ve bunların en önemlilerinden biri de kültürel alanda yaşanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Çin kültürünün tarihî seyri ilginç özellikler barındırmaktadır. Ancak Çin kültürünün anlaşılmasında modernitenin belirlediği varsayımları sorgulamak zorunluluğu vardır. Modernitenin öne çıkardığı birimlerin başında ulus veya ulus-devlet yer alır. Ulus-devlet, kültürlerin haritasını çıkarırken sınırları belirler. Kültürler belirlenmiş sınırlarla karşılaştığında fiziki ve coğrafi engellerle karşılaşırlar. Bu karşılaşmalar aynı zamanda kültürel temas noktalarıdır. Temas noktaları kültürel ayrılışlara, sentezlere ve melezliklere imkân sağlar. Modernitenin uluslar, kültürler, medeniyetler, temelinde dünyayı haritalandırma tarzı, uzamı algılamanın farklı yollarını imkânsız kılmıştır. Küreselleşmenin yerel farklılıkları vurgulaması ulus-devlet ve medeniyetin tamamlanmadığını göstermiştir. Kültür ve medeniyetin modern tanımı Çin’in tarihe geleneksel bakışını değiştirmiştir. Geleneksel yaklaşım Çin medeniyetinin merkezden yayıldığı ve bu merkezde kralın olduğu düşüncesine dayanır. Geleneksel yaklaşım terk edildiğinde medeniyetin merkezine kral değil ulus yerleştirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla Çin’in zaman, uzam, toplumsal uzam bağlamında kültür meselesi Han Merkezli kültür ve medeniyet algısından modern ulus-devlete yönelme çabasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir.

Timespace, Social Space and the Issue of Chinese Culture

In the last 20 years humanity has experienced significant global transformations, among the most important one occurring in the field of culture. In this context, the historical course of Chinese culture maintains interesting characteristics. Yet, in order to understand Chinese culture, one has to question the presumptions determined by modernity. Among the units put forth by modernity, the nation or the nation-state takes the lead. The nation-state determines the borders while drawing the maps of cultures. When cultures come across determined borders, they encounter physical and geographical obstacles. These encounters at the same time form cultural contact points. These contact points provide the opportunity for separations, syntheses and hybrids to emerge. Modernities mapping of the world on the basis of nations, cultures and civilizations has made different perceptions of timespace impossible. The emphasis of globalisation on local differences shows that the nation-state and civilization are not complete. The modern definition of culture and civilization has altered China’s traditional view of history. The traditional approach is based on the idea that Chinese civilization has spread from the centre and that there is a king at the centre. As the traditional approach is abandoned, the nation-state replaces the king at the centre of civilization. Therefore, China’s cultural issue in connection with timespace and socialspace is directly interconnected with its orientation from a culture and civilization perception based on the centrality of the Khan to the modern nation-state.

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ISSN: 1302-5678
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1994
Yayıncı: Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi

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