Kanatlıların Sindirim Kanalı Lenfoid Dokusu

Sindirim sistemi pek çok patojen etkene ve zararlı maddeye maruz kalması nedeniyle bu sistem kanal boyunca yerleşmiş birçok savunma mekanizmasıyla korunmaktadır. Memeli tip lenf yumrularından yoksun olan tavuklarda sindirim kanalı lenfoid dokusu (GALT) ve dalak immünolojik cevapların şekillenmesi ve sonuçlanmasında önemli olan bölgelerdir. Tavuklarda GALT gastrointestinal kanalın epitel katına ve lamina propriyasına yayılmış olan immün hücrelerce şekillenmektedir. Ayrıca sindirim sistemi boyunca çeşitli yerlere lokalize olan yapılar ve lenfoid hücre toplulukları da bulunmaktadır. Kanatlıların sindirim sisteminin lamina propriyası ve intraepitelyumu boyunca dağılmış olarak bulunan farengeyal tonsil, özefageyal tonsil, pilorik tonsil, Meckel divertikülümü, sekal tonsiller, Peyer plakları ve bursa Fabricius mikrobiyel savunmada rol oynayan önemli lenfoid oluşumlardır. Kanatlılarda lakrimal bez, Harder bezi ve nazal bez ile ilgili pek çok lenfoid dokuyu içeren okulonazal bölge özefageyal tonsillerle birlikte sindirim kanalının başlangıcında immün sistemin sigortası gibi görev yapmaktadır. Bu lenfoid dokular gastrointestinal sistemin kalıcı yapılarıdır. Bu derlemede kanatlıların sindirim kanalı lenfoid dokusu hakkında bilgiler verilerek yapılması planlanan çalışmalara kaynak olabilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Digestive Tract Lymphoid Tissue of Poultry

Digestive system is protected by many defensive mechanisms installed along the canal because digestive tract exposed to plenty of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances. In chickens which is devoid of mammalian type lymph nodes, digestive tract lymphoid tissue (GALT) and spleen are important regions in the formation and conclusion of immunological responses. GALT is shaped by immune cells which spreading to the epithelial layer and the lamina propria of gastrointestinal tract in chickens. In addition, there are structures and lymphoid cell populations which is localized to various locations throughout the digestive system. Farengeal tonsil, oesophageal tonsil, pyloric tonsil, Meckel’s diverticulum, caecal tonsil, Peyer’s patches and bursa of Fabricius which are scatterly throughout lamina propria and intraepithelium of digestive system of poultry are important lymphoid formations which play role in microbial defense. In poultry, oculonasal region containing many lymphoid tissue associated with lacrimal gland, Harderian gland and nasal gland is functioning as an insurance of immune system at the onset of the digestive system with esophageal tonsils. This lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract are permanent structures. In this review, it is aimed to be a resource for studies planned to be done by giving information about digestive tract lymphoid tissue of poultry.

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