Congenital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Hepatit B virus (HBV) enfeksiyonu tüm dünyada en yaygın görülen kronik enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. İnfant ve çocuklarda enfeksiyonun ana nedeni perinatal olarak enfeksiyonun kazanılması ile olur. HBV pozitif anneden doğan bebeklerin %90`ı eğer yenidoğan döneminde aşılanmazsa yaşam boyu bu virus için taşıyıcı olarak hayatlarını sürdürürler. HBV enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili belirgin sekeller bulunmaktadır ki bunlar fulminant HBV enfeksiyonundan kronik karaciğer hastalığına ve artmış hepatik karsinoma riskine kadar geniş bir aralıkda yer almaktadır. Bu çocukların ileriki yaşamlarında gelişebilecek karaciğer sirozu ve hepatoselluler karsinoma riskini önlemek açısından yenidoğan döneminde HBV enfeksiyonunun önlenmesi çok önemlidir. Eğer anne HBV ile kronik olarak enfekte ve aynı zamanda HbeAg pozitif ise yenidoğanın kronik olarak enfekte olma oranı %80-90` lara kadar çıkmaktadır, oysa anne eğer anti-HBe antikoru geliştirebilmişse bu durum bebek içinde koruyucu olabilmekte ve yalnızca bazı yenidoğanlar akut hepatit veya fulminan hepatit geliştirmektedir. Anneden bebeğe HBV enfeksiyonunun geçişini önlemek amacıyla bebeğe doğumda hepatit B hiperimmunglobulin verilmesi ve bunu izleyerek aşı programına dahil edilmesi için tüm hamile kadınların HbsAg varlığı açısından rutin taranması çok önemlidir.

Konjenital insan immunyetmezlik virusu (HIV) enfeksiyonu

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most prevalent chronic infectious disease in the world. Perinatal acquisition is the major cause of infection in infants and children. Without vaccine during infancy, 90% of infants born to women positive for the virus will go on to become lifelong carriers. There are significant sequelae associated with HBV infection, ranging from fulminant HBV to chronic liver disease to an increased risk for carcinoma. In order to prevent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in later life, it is essential to prevent HBV infection in infants. If the mother is chronically infected with HBV and is also positive for HBeAg, 80-90% of the newborns become chronically infected, whereas if the mother is positive for anti-HBe, only some newborns will develop acute hepatitis or fulminant hepatitis. It is necessary to screen pregnant women for HBsAg and prevent mother-to-infant infection of HBV, treating the infant with hepatitis B hyperimmune globuline at birth, followed by HBV vaccination.

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126.Thiry L, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Jonckheer T, et al. Isolation of AIDS virus from cell-free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers. Lancet 1985;2:891- 2.
127.Ziegler JB, Cooper DA, Johnson RO, et al. Postnatal transmission of AIDS-associated retrovirus from mother to infant. Lancet 1985;1:896-8.
128.Recommendations for assisting in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985;34:721-6, 731-2.
129.Datta P, Embree JE, Kreiss JK, et al. Mother- to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: report from the Nairobi Study. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1134-40.
130.Mastroiacovo P, Mazzone T, Botto LD, et al. Prospective assessment of pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to fluconazole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:1645-50.
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